Molecular Characterization of Tobacco Squalene Synthase and Regulation in Response to Fungal Elicitor

Devarenne, Timothy P.; Shin, Dong Hyun; Back, Kyoungwhan; Yin, Shaohui; Chappell, Joseph

doi:10.1006/abbi.1997.0463

Cited by 71 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…We show squalene synthase (SQS), a key enzyme catalyzing the first enzymatic step in sterol biosynthesis, as a new player in nonhost disease resistance. Few studies have related the sterol metabolism to plant-microbe interaction (Devarenne et al, 1998(Devarenne et al, , 2002Griebel and Zeier, 2010). Previously, increased contents of stigmasterol in leaves through stimulation of sterol C22 desaturation after Pseudumonas syringae infection have been shown to attenuate pathogen-induced expression of the defense regulator flavin-dependent monooxygenase-1 (Griebel and Zeier, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Phytosterols Play a Key Role in Plant Innate Immunity against Bacterial Pathogens by Regulating Nutrient Efflux into the Apoplast

et al. 2012

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Bacterial pathogens colonize a host plant by growing between the cells by utilizing the nutrients present in apoplastic space. While successful pathogens manipulate the plant cell membrane to retrieve more nutrients from the cell, the counteracting plant defense mechanism against nonhost pathogens to restrict the nutrient efflux into the apoplast is not clear. To identify the genes involved in nonhost resistance against bacterial pathogens, we developed a virus-induced gene-silencing-based fast-forward genetics screen in Nicotiana benthamiana. Silencing of N. benthamiana SQUALENE SYNTHASE, a key gene in phytosterol biosynthesis, not only compromised nonhost resistance to few pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas campestris, but also enhanced the growth of the host pathogen P. syringae pv tabaci by increasing nutrient efflux into the apoplast. An Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) sterol methyltransferase mutant (sterol methyltransferase2) involved in sterol biosynthesis also compromised plant innate immunity against bacterial pathogens. The Arabidopsis cytochrome P450 CYP710A1, which encodes C22-sterol desaturase that converts β-sitosterol to stigmasterol, was dramatically induced upon inoculation with nonhost pathogens. An Arabidopsis Atcyp710A1 null mutant compromised both nonhost and basal resistance while overexpressors of AtCYP710A1 enhanced resistance to host pathogens. Our data implicate the involvement of sterols in plant innate immunity against bacterial infections by regulating nutrient efflux into the apoplast.

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confidence: 99%

Phytosterols Play a Key Role in Plant Innate Immunity against Bacterial Pathogens by Regulating Nutrient Efflux into the Apoplast

et al. 2012

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“…Isolation and characterization of a SQS gene from grain amaranth is the first step towards understanding regulation of the squalene biosynthetic pathway. Genes encoding SQS have been isolated from many sources, such as fungi (Jennings et al 1991), bacteria (Lee & Poulter 2008), animals (McKenzie et al 1992), and plants (Nakashima et al 1995, Hata et al 1997, Devarenne et al 1998, Hayashi et al 1999, Akamine et al 2003, Huang et al 2007, Uchida et al 2009, Kim et al 2011). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the molecular cloning and expression analysis of an SQS gene from grain amaranth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They cloned an Arabidopsis SQS cDNA and characterized the recombinant enzyme via prokaryotic expression. Since then, cDNAs for SQSs from several other plants have been isolated and characterized (Hata et al 1997, Devarenne et al 1998, Hayashi et al 1999, Uchida et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Cloning, Expression and Characterization of a Squalene Synthase Gene from Grain Amaranth (<i>Amaranthus cruentus</i> L.)

Park

Nemoto

Minami

et al. 2016

JARQ

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A gene encoding squalene synthase from grain amaranth was cloned and characterized. The full-length cDNA was 1805-bp long and contained a 1248-bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 416 amino acids with a molecular mass of 47.6 kDa. Southern blot analysis revealed that the A. cruentus genome contained a single copy of the gene. Comparison of the cDNA and genomic sequences indicated that the amaranth SQS gene had 12 introns and 13 exons. All 13 exons contributed to the coding sequence. The predicted amino acid sequence of the SQS cDNA shared high homology with those of SQSs from several other plants. It contained five conserved domains that are believed to represent crucial regions of the active site. We conducted qRT-PCR analyses to examine the expression pattern of the SQS gene in seeds at different developmental stages and in several tissues. The amaranth SQS gene was expressed late in seed development and played a role in the perisperm, and mainly expressed in stem and root tissues.

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“…Several researchers reported the induction of sesquiterpene phytoalexins biosynthesis had been correlated with suppression of sterol biosynthesis in elicitor-treated tobacco cell cultures (Chappell et al, 1989;McGarvey & Croteau, 1995;Yin et al, 1997). The induction of one enzyme and suppression of the other are thought to be one mechanism that regulates the production of squalene and sesquiterpene (Devarenne et al, 1998). The biosynthesis of artemisinin belongs to the isoprenoid pathway, in this pathway, squalene synthase and amorpha-4,11-diene synthase are positioned at putative branch points in isoprenoid metabolism, these two enzymes catalyze the common farnesyl diphosphate to form squalene and amorph-4,11-diene, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Antisense Squalene Synthase Gene Expression on the Increase of Artemisinin Content in Artemisia anuua

Wang¹,

Song²,

Shen³

et al. 2012

Transgenic Plants - Advances and Limitations

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Molecular Characterization of Tobacco Squalene Synthase and Regulation in Response to Fungal Elicitor

Cited by 71 publications

References 46 publications

Phytosterols Play a Key Role in Plant Innate Immunity against Bacterial Pathogens by Regulating Nutrient Efflux into the Apoplast

Phytosterols Play a Key Role in Plant Innate Immunity against Bacterial Pathogens by Regulating Nutrient Efflux into the Apoplast

Molecular Cloning, Expression and Characterization of a Squalene Synthase Gene from Grain Amaranth (<i>Amaranthus cruentus</i> L.)

Effect of Antisense Squalene Synthase Gene Expression on the Increase of Artemisinin Content in Artemisia anuua

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