Abstract. It has been shown previously that tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 6 (TNFAIP6) is essential for formation of the cumulus extracellular matrix and female fertility. Therefore, we studied the expression of TNFAIP6 mRNA in porcine preovulatory follicles. In addition, we asked whether the expression of TNFAIP6 mRNA changes in mural granulosa cells (MGCs) during the periovulatory period or after culture of oocyte-cumulus complexes (OCCs) or MGCs in vitro. Mural granulosa cells obtained from follicles on day 12 (D 12) and day 15 (D 15) of the estrous cycle, eCG-stimulated follicles, follicles at 4-32 h after hCG stimulation and MGCs and OCCs obtained from immature gilts and cultured for 0-44 h in vitro with gonadotropins were used for extraction of total RNA and assessment of the relative abundance (RA) of TNFAIP6 mRNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The levels of TNFAIP6 mRNA were low in the follicles on D 12 and D 15 of the estrous cycle and at 66 h after eCG stimulation but were significantly increased at 4 h after hCG. The high level of TNFAIP6 expression was maintained until 16 h after hCG stimulation and gradually decreased at 24 and 32 h after hCG. During in vitro culture, FSH/LH-induced TNFAIP6 mRNA was expressed in both OCCs and MGCs in a similar temporal pattern as seen in vivo. We conclude that TNFAIP6 expression in the pig, like other species, increases in preovulatory follicles following the LH (hCG) surge. The OCC and MGC display similar patterns of TNFAIP6 expression under both in vivo and in vitro conditions. Key words: mRNA TNFAIP6, Mural granulosa cells, Oocyte-cumulus complex, Pig (J. Reprod. Dev. 55: [231][232][233][234][235] 2009) uteinizing hormone (LH)-induced ovulation is a complex, inflammation-like process that results in the release of a fertilizable oocyte from the ovary in the oviduct [1]. In most mammals, before ovulation, cumulus cells synthesize a large amount of hyaluronan (HA), which is organized in a highly hydrated, mucoelastic matrix [2]. Several proteins have been identified as being essential for matrix formation and stability of the mouse cumulus-oocyte complex; among them serum-derived inter-alpha-trypsin inhibior (IαI) [3] and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 6 (TNFAIP6) [4]. Covalent transfer of heavy chains (HCs) of IαI to HA is a prerequisite for expansion of mouse oocyte-cumulus complexes (OCCs) [5], and this also occurs in pig OCCs matured in vivo or cultured in vitro with pig serum or pig follicular fluid [6]. Several lines of evidence suggest that TNFAIP6 participates in transfer of HCs to HA and plays an essential role in regulation of female fertility. TNFAIP6 is produced in rodent ovaries by cumulus and granulosa cells after an ovulatory stimulus [7][8][9][10] in parallel to HA synthesis by OCCs [7,11,12]. It is an inflammation-associated protein with the ability to bind HA, IαI and other ligands and participate in extracellular matrix formation and remodeling [13][14][15]. In the OCCs of TNFAIP6 null mi...