Molecular cloning and characterization of Toll-like receptor 9 in Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

Takano, Tomokazu; Kondo, Hidehiro; Hirono, Ikuo; Endo, Makoto; Saito‐Taki, Tatsuo; Aoki, Takashi

doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2006.10.018

Cited by 106 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In other words, when comparing freshwater (D. rerio, C. idella and O. mykiss) and seawater teleost species (T. rubripes, P. olivaceus and P. crocea) the latter tended to have more introns in TLR22 gene. Similar results were found for TLR2 [36], TLR5 [37] and TLR9 [38] in fish species and this warrants further investigation. Diversity in TLR gene organization was also reported for TLR1, TLR2, TLR3 and TLR5 within and between teleosts as well as in mammals [22,36,37,39], but it is as yet unclear whether this diversity causes functional differences.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Cloning and characterization of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Toll-like receptor 22 gene, a fish-specific gene

Huang

et al. 2012

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Cloning and characterization of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Toll-like receptor 22 gene, a fish-specific gene

Huang

et al. 2012

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…Similarly, an almost complete set of TLRs has been described in the pufferfish Fugu rubripes and in the zebrafish Danio rerio (12), and, with the exception of TLR4 (13,14), these TLRs seem to be functional orthologs of mammalian TLRs. Thus, they are able to sense the same ligands (15)(16)(17), use similar adaptor molecules for signaling (15), and activate the transcription factor NF-κB (13,15,18). In addition, it has been shown that in zebrafish MyD88 modulates innate immune responses to microbes (19)(20)(21)(22).…”

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confidence: 99%

Regulation of immunity and disease resistance by commensal microbes and chromatin modifications during zebrafish development

Galindo-Villegas

García‐Moreno

Oliveira

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

204

161

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How fish larvae are protected from infection before the maturation of adaptive immunity, a process which may take up to several weeks in most species, has long been a matter of speculation. Using a germfree model, we show that colonization by commensals in newly hatched zebrafish primes neutrophils and induces several genes encoding proinflammatory and antiviral mediators, increasing the resistance of larvae to viral infection. Commensal microbe recognition was found to be mediated mainly through a TLR/MyD88 signaling pathway, and professional phagocytes were identified as the source of these immune mediators. However, the induction of proinflammatory and antiviral genes, but not of antimicrobial effector genes, also required the covalent modification of histone H3 at gene promoters. Interestingly, chromatin modifications were not altered by commensal microbes or hatching. Taken together, our results demonstrate that gene-specific chromatin modifications are associated with the protection of zebrafish larvae against infectious agents before adaptive immunity has developed and prevent pathologies associated with excessive inflammation during development.epigenetic | cytokines | evolution | gene regulation | live imaging

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“…This set includes orthologs of the 10 mammalian TLR families and 2 fish-specific members (6 -9). Additionally, it seems that some of these orthologs are functionally analogous to their mammalian counterparts (10,11). However, one of the most striking aspects found in these genomic studies is that while the zebrafish has two TLR4 paralogs, more evolutionarily advanced pufferfish, namely Fugu and Tetraodon, lack a TLR4 ortholog (6,7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evolution of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Recognition and Signaling: Fish TLR4 Does Not Recognize LPS and Negatively Regulates NF-κB Activation

Sepulcre

Alcaraz-Pérez

López-Muñoz

et al. 2009

The Journal of Immunology

356

272

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It has long been established that lower vertebrates, most notably fish and amphibians, are resistant to the toxic effect of LPS. Furthermore, the lack of a TLR4 ortholog in some fish species and the lack of the essential costimulatory molecules for LPS activation via TLR4 (i.e., myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2) and CD14) in all the fish genomes and expressed sequence tag databases available led us to hypothesize that the mechanism of LPS recognition in fish may be different from that of mammals. To shed light on the role of fish TLRs in LPS recognition, a dual-luciferase reporter assay to study NF-κB activation in whole zebrafish embryos was developed and three different bony fish models were studied: 1) the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, Perciformes), an immunological-tractable teleost model in which the presence of a TLR4 ortholog is unknown; 2) the spotted green pufferfish (Tetraodon nigroviridis, Tetraodontiformes), which lacks a TLR4 ortholog; and 3) the zebrafish (Danio rerio, Cypriniformes), which possesses two TLR4 orthologs. Our results show that LPS signaled via a TLR4- and MyD88-independent manner in fish, and, surprisingly, that the zebrafish TLR4 orthologs negatively regulated the MyD88-dependent signaling pathway. We think that the identification of TLR4 as a negative regulator of TLR signaling in the zebrafish, together with the absence of this receptor in most fish species, explains the resistance of fish to endotoxic shock and supports the idea that the TLR4 receptor complex for LPS recognition arose after the divergence of fish and tetrapods.

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Molecular cloning and characterization of Toll-like receptor 9 in Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

Cited by 106 publications

References 35 publications

Cloning and characterization of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Toll-like receptor 22 gene, a fish-specific gene

Cloning and characterization of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Toll-like receptor 22 gene, a fish-specific gene

Regulation of immunity and disease resistance by commensal microbes and chromatin modifications during zebrafish development

Evolution of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Recognition and Signaling: Fish TLR4 Does Not Recognize LPS and Negatively Regulates NF-κB Activation

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