Molecular cloning and characterization of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) complement component C3

Molecular cloning of Gibel carp (<i>Carassius auratus gibelio</i>) complement component C3 and its expression profile after Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 infection

“…Generally, a great deal of C3 is present in liver, which has been suggested to be the main site of C3 production in mammals and fish [1,2]. These results were consistent with the previous reports on other teleost fish, such as common carp [22], Gilthead seabream [18], miiuy croaker [34], orange-spotted grouper [28], rohu [27] and large yellow croaker [40]. Spleen and kidney are very important lymphoid organs in teleost fish, and serve similar roles to bone marrow and lymph nodes in mammals [33].…”

“…Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence showed the presence of eight well-conserved domains in CagC3, as observed in other species. The structures and functions of the eight domains were similar to the complement component C3 of gilthead sea bream [18], which showed the typical domain architecture of alpha-2-macroglobulin family proteins. It is worth noting that the five-residue thioester domain (GCGEQ), which is thought to be critical in the formation, stability and function of this region [15], is highly conserved in CagC3.…”

“…C3 has been investigated in many teleost species [2]. In contrast to mammals, almost all teleost fish studied thus far have been found to possess multiple forms of C3: two isoforms have been found in Oryzias latipes [12], Dicentrarchus labrax [18] and Trematomus bernacchii [19], five in Sparus aurata [36], eight in Oncorhynchus mykiss [37], and four in Cyprinus carpio [22] and Danio rerio [6]. In the present study, the complement component C3 gene from Gibel carp was cloned and characterized and the expression profiles were analyzed for the first time.…”

“…In contrast, multiple forms of C3 have been described in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) [37], gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) [36] and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) [22]. Differences in the binding specificity of C3 to various targets and in the hemolytic activity have been reported for trout [37], common carp [36] and sea bream [18]. In cod and halibut [14], C3 is expressed in a wide range of organs, with expression detected in different stages of larval development.…”

The Endocrine Response to Stress - A Comparative View

“…Suppressive effects have been shown also in fish, where administration of cortisol induce a reduction of cytokine expression in cultured macrophages (Mackenzie et al, 2006;Castillo et al, 2009). Husbandry stressors applied to different species of fish result in a reduction of immunocompetence, showing decreased activity of immune response mechanisms (Montero et al, 1999), and reduction in efficiency after a combination of stress and pathogen treatment (Mauri et al, 2011). Nevertheless, there are also episodes in which enhancement of immune function is observed, for instance during the immediate reaction, and this may depend on several considerations.…”