Molecular cloning and expression analysis of three genes encoding starch synthase�II in rice

Jiang, Huawu; Dian, Weimin; Liu, Feiyang; Wu, Ping

doi:10.1007/s00425-003-1189-y

Cited by 51 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…3B). The predicted molecular mass of rice SSI calculated from the DNA sequence of the gene coding for the SSI mature protein is 65 kD (Baba et al, 1993;Jiang et al, 2004), which is smaller than the apparent molecular mass (71 kD) estimated on SDS-PAGE. Similar differences in molecular mass were also reported for SSI proteins from maize and potato tubers (Edwards et al, 1995).…”

Section: Characterization Of Ssi In Developing Rice Endospermmentioning

confidence: 62%

Function and Characterization of Starch Synthase I Using Mutants in Rice

et al. 2006

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(A.M., H.H.) Four starch synthase I (SSI)-deficient rice (Oryza sativa) mutant lines were generated using retrotransposon Tos17 insertion. The mutants exhibited different levels of SSI activities and produced significantly lower amounts of SSI protein ranging from 0% to 20% of the wild type. The mutant endosperm amylopectin showed a decrease in chains with degree of polymerization (DP) 8 to 12 and an increase in chains with DP 6 to 7 and DP 16 to 19. The degree of change in amylopectin chain-length distribution was positively correlated with the extent of decrease in SSI activity in the mutants. The structural changes in the amylopectin increased the gelatinization temperature of endosperm starch. Chain-length analysis of amylopectin in the SSI band excised from native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/SS activity staining gel showed that SSI preferentially synthesized DP 7 to 11 chains by elongating DP 4 to 7 short chains of glycogen or amylopectin. These results show that SSI distinctly generates DP 8 to 12 chains from short DP 6 to 7 chains emerging from the branch point in the A or B 1 chain of amylopectin. SSI seemingly functions from the very early through the late stage of endosperm development. Yet, the complete absence of SSI, despite being a major SS isozyme in the developing endosperm, had no effect on the size and shape of seeds and starch granules and the crystallinity of endosperm starch, suggesting that other SS enzymes are probably capable of partly compensating SSI function. In summary, this study strongly suggested that amylopectin chains are synthesized by the coordinated actions of SSI, SSIIa, and SSIIIa isoforms.

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Section: Characterization Of Ssi In Developing Rice Endospermmentioning

confidence: 62%

Function and Characterization of Starch Synthase I Using Mutants in Rice

et al. 2006

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“…In this region, we observed multiple genes associated with eating quality (e.g., starch synthase IIa; SSIIa; Jiang et al 2004) and heading date [e.g., Hd3a and Hd3b ]. Moreover, other genes controlling these traits were found near this cluster.…”

Section: Distribution Of Qtl Clusters In the Rice Genome Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Q-TARO: QTL Annotation Rice Online Database

Yonemaru

Yamamoto

Fukuoka

et al. 2010

Rice

170

142

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Over the past two decades, genetic dissection of complex phenotypes of economic and biological interest has revealed the chromosomal locations of many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in rice and their contributions to phenotypic variation. Mapping resolution has varied considerably among QTL studies owing to differences in population size and number of DNA markers used. Additionally, the same QTLs have often been reported with different locus designations. This situation has made it difficult to determine allelic relationships among QTLs and to compare their positions. To facilitate reliable comparisons of rice QTLs, we extracted QTL information from published research papers and constructed a database of 1,051 representative QTLs, which we classified into 21 trait categories. This database (QTL Annotation Rice Online database; Q-TARO, http://qtaro.abr.affrc.go.jp/) consists of two web interfaces. One interface is a table containing information on the mapping of each QTL and its genetic parameters. The other interface is a genome viewer for viewing genomic locations of the QTLs. Q-TARO clearly displays the co-localization of QTLs and distribution of QTL clusters on the rice genome.

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“…In particular, maize contains two isoforms, namely, SS2a and SS2b (Harn et al 1998), and three isoforms are found in the rice genome, SS2-1, SS2-2, and SS2-3 (Hirose and Terao 2004;Jiang et al 2004). Like the SS1 from potato and rice, the latter isoforms are differentially expressed in leaves and storage organs (Harn et al 1998;Jiang et al 2004). Indeed, maize SS2b or rice SS2-2 are expressed in leaves, while maize SS2a or rice SS2-3 are expressed in the endosperm (Harn et al 1998;Jiang et al 2004).…”

Section: Starch Synthases Involved In Amylopectin Synthesismentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Like the SS1 from potato and rice, the latter isoforms are differentially expressed in leaves and storage organs (Harn et al 1998;Jiang et al 2004). Indeed, maize SS2b or rice SS2-2 are expressed in leaves, while maize SS2a or rice SS2-3 are expressed in the endosperm (Harn et al 1998;Jiang et al 2004). On the other hand, rice SS2-1 is expressed in both types of organs during the whole life cycle, whereas other isoforms are expressed at different stages of development (Jiang et al 2004).…”

Section: Starch Synthases Involved In Amylopectin Synthesismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Indeed, maize SS2b or rice SS2-2 are expressed in leaves, while maize SS2a or rice SS2-3 are expressed in the endosperm (Harn et al 1998;Jiang et al 2004). On the other hand, rice SS2-1 is expressed in both types of organs during the whole life cycle, whereas other isoforms are expressed at different stages of development (Jiang et al 2004). These expression profiles may account for different functions of each isoform in starch synthesis in these species.…”

Section: Starch Synthases Involved In Amylopectin Synthesismentioning

confidence: 98%

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Starch Biosynthesis in Leaves and Its Regulation

d’Hulst

Wattebled

Szydlowski

2015

Starch

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Plants assimilate carbon during photosynthesis using light energy to reduce atmospheric CO 2 and to produce sugars and chemical energy (ATP). Sugars are partly incorporated directly into starch granules in leaf chloroplasts for shortterm storage or are exported to non-photosynthetic organs for long-term storage. Indeed, starch accumulation in photosynthetic tissues is transient since it undergoes recurrent cycles of synthesis and degradation following day/night oscillation. Transient starch is synthesized during the day while photosynthesis is active and is degraded at night to provide carbon and energy to the plant when photosynthesis is inactive. Conversely, storage starch accumulates over long periods in storage organs such as seeds or tubers where it is degraded to sustain germination before photosynthesis becomes effective. Transient and storage starch syntheses occur in plastid stroma and involve dedicated enzymatic activities typically supported by several genetically independent isoforms. Although highly similar, both processes hold specific features regarding synthesis and regulation. In this chapter, we describe the mechanism of starch synthesis in photosynthetic tissues (mostly leaves) and its regulation. Several aspects are specifically highlighted here such as: (1) the function of starch synthases for the initiation of starch synthesis and the elongation of the amylopectin-and amylose-forming glucans, (2) the implication of branching enzymes and debranching enzymes for the formation of branch points and the control of their distribution within the polysaccharides, and (3) the regulation of the pathway in leaves especially by the circadian clock, the redox state of the cell and the influence of physiological factors, and the formation of protein-protein complexes.

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Molecular cloning and expression analysis of three genes encoding starch synthase�II in rice

Cited by 51 publications

References 23 publications

Function and Characterization of Starch Synthase I Using Mutants in Rice

Function and Characterization of Starch Synthase I Using Mutants in Rice

Q-TARO: QTL Annotation Rice Online Database

Starch Biosynthesis in Leaves and Its Regulation

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