Molecular cloning and sequence determination of the peplomer protein gene of feline infectious peritonitis virus type I

Motokawa, Kenji; Hohdatsu, Tsutomu; Aizawa, Chikara; Koyama, Hiroyuki; Hashimoto, Hiroshi

doi:10.1007/bf01718424

Cited by 55 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…FCoVs are classified into types I and II according to their S protein properties (Hohdatsu et al, 1991a;Motokawa et al, 1995Motokawa et al, , 1996. FCoVs are also classified into two biotypes based on differences in pathogenicity: feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and FIPV.…”

Section: Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (Fipv) Is Classified As mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FCoVs have a single-stranded, positive-sense, linear RNA genome and are mainly composed of nucleocapsid (N), transmembrane and spike (S) proteins (Olsen, 1993). FCoVs are classified into types I and II according to their S protein properties (Hohdatsu et al, 1991a;Motokawa et al, 1995Motokawa et al, , 1996. FCoVs are also classified into two biotypes based on differences in pathogenicity: feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and FIPV.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the mechanism of antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection: aminopeptidase N is not important and a process of acidification of the endosome is necessary

Takano

Katada

Moritoh

et al. 2008

Journal of General Virology

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Infection of the monocyte/macrophage lineage with feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is enhanced in the presence of anti-FIPV antibodies (antibody-dependent enhancement or ADE). We investigated the following unclear points concerning ADE of FIPV infection: (i) involvement of the virus receptor, feline aminopeptidase N (fAPN), in ADE activity in FIPV infection; (ii) necessity of acidification of the endosome in cellular invasion of FIPV. Virus receptor-blocking experiments using anti-fAPN antibodies at 4 or 37 6C and experiments using fAPN-negative U937 cells revealed that fAPN is not involved in ADE of FIPV infection. Experiments using lysosomotropic agents clarified that acidification of the endosome is necessary for cellular invasion by FIPV, regardless of the presence or absence of antibodies. These findings may be very important for understanding the mechanism of ADE of FIPV infection. Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is classified as a feline coronavirus (FCoV).FCoVs have a single-stranded, positive-sense, linear RNA genome and are mainly composed of nucleocapsid (N), transmembrane and spike (S) proteins (Olsen, 1993). FCoVs are classified into types I and II according to their S protein properties (Hohdatsu et al., 1991a;Motokawa et al., 1995Motokawa et al., , 1996. FCoVs are also classified into two biotypes based on differences in pathogenicity: feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and FIPV. FECV is asymptomatic in cats, but FIPV infection induces feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). FIP is a fatal disease in wild and domestic cat species, mainly leading to the development of immune complex vasculitis. There are types I and II FECV and FIPV in FCoV. Type II FCoVs are known to utilize feline aminopeptidase N (fAPN) as virus receptor (Hohdatsu et al., 1998).FIPV targets the monocyte/macrophage lineage, infection of which is enhanced in the presence of antibodies (antibodydependent enhancement or ADE). ADE activity in FIPV infection is induced when anti-FIPV-S antibody-bound viruses infect cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage by binding to the Fc portion of Fc receptors on the cell surface Hohdatsu et al., 1991b;Olsen et al., 1992). When anti-FIPV-S antibodies are absent, FIPV infects the monocyte/macrophage lineage via fAPN (Rottier et al., 2005). However, whether the virus receptor, fAPN, is involved in ADE of FIPV infection is not clear.It has been reported that mouse hepatitis virus type 2 (MHV-2) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) enter cells through a low pH-dependent, endosomal pathway (Qiu et al., 2006;Simmons et al., 2005). Van Hamme et al. (2007) studied the kinetics of binding and internalization, demonstrating clearly that FIPV enters the cell via endocytosis. However, it is unclear whether acidification of the endosome is necessary for cellular invasion by FIPV, regardless of the presence or absence of antibodies. In this study, we investigated the involvement of the virus receptor (fAPN) in ADE of FIPV infection and the necessity of acidification of...

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Section: Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (Fipv) Is Classified As mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the mechanism of antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection: aminopeptidase N is not important and a process of acidification of the endosome is necessary

Takano

Katada

Moritoh

et al. 2008

Journal of General Virology

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“…The results support the previous findings that mouse MAbs which show high ADE activities have neutralizing activities, suggesting a close relationship between the neutralization and enhancement sites. We have recently reported that type I FIPVs including the UCD-1 strain have spike genes that are distinctly different from those of type II FIPVs, TGEV and CCV [18,19]. It has been reported that neutralization/enhancement site of the type II FIPV 79-1146 strain is located at the site corresponding to neutralization site A identified on TGEV S protein [3,20].…”

Section: Ade Of Fipv Strain 79-1146 Infection In Human Monocyte Cell mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, these findings were confirmed by sequence analysis. The sequences of spike genes of type II FCoVs have higher homologies with those of TGEV and CCV than those of type I isolates [18,19]. Dengue virus which causes DHF/DSS has four serotypes differentiated by the neutralization test, and ADE of dengue virus infection often occurs in re-infection with a different serotype of the virus [6,8,9,16,17].…”

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Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Infection in Feline Alveolar Macrophages and Human Monocyte Cell Line U937 by Serum of Cats Experimentally or Naturally Infected with Feline Coronavirus.

et al. 1998

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ABSTRACT. Infection of the type II feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) strain 79-1146 to primary feline alveolar macrophages and human monocyte cell line U937 was enhanced by the sera of cats experimentally infected with the 79-1146 strain, but not those of cats infected with KU-2 or UCD-1 strain of type I FIPV. The experiments using sera of cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and of cats naturally infected with feline coronavirus (FCoV) revealed that infection of the FIPV 79-1146 strain to the U937 cells was enhanced only by the sera of cats infected with type II FIPV or feline enteric coronavirus. The samples positive for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) activity had high neutralizing antibody titers against the FIPV 79-1146 strain and the samples negative for ADE activity had low neutralizing antibody titers. These findings support the previous results where a monoclonal antibody with neutralizing activity had high ADE activity, suggesting that there was a close relationship between the neutralization and enhancement sites. And then it is also suggested that ADE of infection is likely to be induced by re-infection with the same serotype of virus in type II FIPV infection. Furthermore, U937 cells are considered useful and can be substituted for the feline macrophages for determining ADE of FIPV-infection. -KEY WORDS: antibody-dependent enhancement of infection, feline infectious peritonitis virus, feline macrophage, U937 cell.

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“…In other words, one could identify an isolate as FIPV or FECV, regardless of clinical conditions of the cat from which it was isolated, only after experimental determination of its disease-causing potential in cats. FECV is epizootiologically the predominant FCoV in the field, and it has been tentatively concluded that FIPV is a mutant of FECV, though the exact mutation mechanism has yet to be clarified [4,21,23,29].FCoVs are divided into two distinct serotypes I and II by neutralization specificities induced by a spike protein [5,10,11,19]. Serotype I FCoV isolates have been numerically superior [22] and predominantly distributed among cats [9].…”

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Antigenic and Plaque Variations of Serotype II Feline Infectious Peritonitis Coronaviruses.

et al. 1997

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ABSTRACT. Three feline coronavirus (FCoV) isolates KUK-H, M91-266, and M91-267 were examined to elucidate their biological and antigenic properties as well as disease potential in cats. Immune stainings of virus-infected cells by using FCoV type-specific monoclonal antibodies indicated that their antigenic specificity was serotype II. However, antigenic variations among these serotype II FCoVs were detected by neutralization assay with hyperimmune antisera against FCoVs and canine coronaviruses, and with experimentally infected cat sera; there were two subtypes in serotype II FCoVs. The isolates efficiently grew in fcwf-4 cell culture showing lytic CPE enough to form distinct plaques; when measured 48 hr after infection, plaque sizes of both M91-266 and M91-267 were approximately 1 mm in diameter, and a mixture of small (less than 1mm in diameter) and large (approximately 3 mm in diameter) plaques were produced in the case of KUK-H. Strains KUK-H, M91-266 and M91-267 produced feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in 50%, 67% and 89% of experimentally inoculated kittens, respectively. Furthermore, 80% of the kittens inoculated with the small plaque former of KUK-H developed FIP accompanied by more prominent clinical signs as well as pathological changes when compared with 28.6% of kittens inoculated with the large plaque former. These results suggest that serotype II FIPVs producing smaller size of plaques are more virulent than those producing larger size of plaques. -KEY WORDS: coronavirus, feline, feline infectious peritonitis, plaque, virulence.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 59(4): 253-258, 1997 serotype II FCoV has arisen by recombination between serotype I FCoV and CCV. In the present paper, three serotype II FCoV isolates from clinical FIP cases were examined in respects of antigenic property and in vivo pathogenic virulence especially in relation to plaque characteristics. Discussion was also made regarding relationships between plaque properties and virulence of coronaviruses in animals. MATERIALS AND METHODSViruses and cell culture: KUK-H strain was isolated in 1987 by using CRFK cells (ATCC CCL94), and both M91-266 and M91-267 strains were isolated in 1991 by using fcwf-4 cells. All derived from the spleen samples taken at the postmortem examination of effusive form FIP field cases. Stock viruses were prepared after further several passages in fcwf-4 cell culture. Strain C3663, a local isolate from an effusive form FIP case, was used as a reference serotype I FCoV. The cells were cultured as described previously [18].Plaque assay: The stock viruses were characterized by plaque assay, and then the virus was plaque-purified for further experiments. After serial tenfold virus dilutions, 0.2 ml of each dilution was inoculated onto fcwf-4 cell monolayer in 60-mm plastic plates. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 1 hr, and 4 ml of an overlay medium was added. The plates were further incubated at 37°C for 2 or 3 days and then stained with either an overlay medium According to the recent concept about feline coronaviru...

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Molecular cloning and sequence determination of the peplomer protein gene of feline infectious peritonitis virus type I

Cited by 55 publications

References 30 publications

Analysis of the mechanism of antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection: aminopeptidase N is not important and a process of acidification of the endosome is necessary

Analysis of the mechanism of antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection: aminopeptidase N is not important and a process of acidification of the endosome is necessary

Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Infection in Feline Alveolar Macrophages and Human Monocyte Cell Line U937 by Serum of Cats Experimentally or Naturally Infected with Feline Coronavirus.

Antigenic and Plaque Variations of Serotype II Feline Infectious Peritonitis Coronaviruses.

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