Molecular cloning of a novel melanocortin receptor.

Pituitary neuropeptides and B lymphocyte function

“…82 At the time of identification of these two receptors, studies of genomic DNA suggested the presence of several other related genes in humans. These were identified in fairly rapid succession as: MC3R, 83,84 a receptor expressed in brain and placenta which exhibited equivalent responses to ACTH, α-MSH, β-MSH and γ-MSH; MC4R, 85 a second brain MCR with relative specificity for α-MSH and ACTH; and MC5R, [86][87][88][89] a widely expressed receptor (in skin, muscle, thymus, spleen, adrenal, bone marrow and cerebellum) with ligand binding characteristics similar to those of MC1R. Recent studies of cAMP responses in cell lines overexpressing the five different MCRs have shown evidence of a distinct profile of MCR engagement by RCI compared to synthetic ACTH analogues.…”

“…To complement these observations on MCR expression, we recently queried the RNA-Seq data sets from previously published studies 5,6 for additional information on MCR mRNA expression in human B cells. 35 MC1R mRNA was the most abundant melanocortin receptor transcript expressed T A B L E 3 The melanocortin receptors and their ligand specificities [80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89] 4A). The MCRassociated proteins MRAP1 and MRAP2 were either undetectable or expressed at levels below threshold for valid statistical comparisons in samples from cells cultured under either basal or stimulated conditions.…”

Enhanced Expression of Melanocortin-1 Receptor (MC1-R) in Normal Human Keratinocytes During Differentiation: Evidence for Increased Expression of POMC Peptides Near Suprabasal Layer of Epidermis

“…Briefly, total cellular RNAs (50 µg) were size-fractionated on 1.0% agarose/formaldehyde gels and blotted on to cellulose nitrate membrane (Schleicher and Schuell, Dassel, Germany). The blots were prehybridized in 40% formamide/10% Denhardt's solution/4 ϫ sodium citrate/chloride buffer/7 mM Tris-Cl, pH 7.4/sheared 20 µg per ml salmon sperm DNA, for 1 h at 42°C and hybridized at 42°C overnight with the coding region of hMC1-R, cloned from a human genomic EMBL3 phage library (Gantz et al, 1993a) which was random prime-labeled with [α-32 -P] dCTP (Amersham, Arlington Heights, IL). The membranes were washed in 2 ϫ sodium citrate/chloride buffer, 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate for 15 min twice at room temperature and 0.1 ϫ sodium citrate/chloride buffer, 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate for 30 min twice at 65°C, and then exposed to a phosphor-imaging plate for 1 h. The total radioactivity of each hybridized bands was quantitated using a Fujix Bio-Image analyzer BAS2000 (Fuji Photo Film, Kanagawa, Japan).…”

Structural insights into ligand recognition and activation of the melanocortin-4 receptor

“…12 MC1R governs mammalian skin and hair color by regulating the production of melanin. 13 MC2R is mainly located in the adrenal . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license made available under a (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.…”

“…12 MC1R governs mammalian skin and hair color by regulating the production of melanin. 13 MC2R is mainly located in the adrenal cortex and controls the release of glucocorticoids. 2 MC3R participates in the control of energy homeostasis and is implicated in immune responses, natriuresis and circadian rhythm.…”