Molecular cytogenetic characterization and phenotypic evaluation of new wheat–rye lines derived from hexaploid triticale ‘Certa’ × common wheat hybrids

Abstract

Hexaploid triticale contains valuable genes from both tetraploid wheat and rye and plays an important role in wheat breeding programmes. In order to explore the potential of hexaploid triticale ‘Certa’ in wheat improvement, two crosses were made using ‘Certa’ as female parent, and common wheat cultivars ‘Jinmai47’ (JM47) and ‘Xinong389’ (XN389) as male parents. The karyotyping of BCF4:5 lines from Certa/JM47//JM47 and F5:6 lines from Certa/XN389 was investigated using sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). One 1B(1R) substitution line and five 1BL.1RS whole‐arm translocation lines were identified, one of which was found lacking ω‐secalin locus. Many structural alterations on wheat chromosomes were detected in the progeny. Great morphologic differences resulting from genetic variations were observed, among which the photosynthetic capability was increased while grain quality was slightly improved. Compared with both parents, the stripe rust resistance at adult stage was increased in lines derived from Certa/JM47//JM47, while it was decreased in lines derived from Certa/XN389. These newly developed lines might have the potential to be utilized in wheat improvement programmes.

Creating favourable morphological and yield variations for rapeseed by interspecific crosses between Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea

“…Phenotypic variations of floral, flowering traits, plant height, photosynthetic capability, grain quality and strip rust resistance have also been revealed in wheat hybrids (Langer, Longin, & Wurschum, 2014;Liu, Song, Zhang, Yang, & Hu, 2017;Tikhenko, Rutten, Tsvetkova, Voylokov, & Borner, 2015). However, these phenotypic variation are difficult to be easily used in rapeseed breeding, due to the genomic instability during early polyploidization (Gaeta & Pires, 2010;Mason & Snowdon, 2016;Szadkowski et al, 2011).…”

1RS.1BL molecular resolution provides novel contributions to wheat improvement

“…The in situ probes are generally repetitive and although the number of repeats was clearly collapsed during the assembly process, all the regions aligned by in situ hybridization using double labelling could be assigned positions in the new assembly (McIntyre et al, 1990;Liu et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2004). Importantly the macro-level structure of 1RS.1BL could be validated in this way (Figure 1c).…”

“…At a structure level, 1RS.1BL was one of the early chromosomes to have specific DNA sequences assigned to it through the analysis of chromosomes using inbred lines of rye to facilitate locating molecular markers and agronomic traits to 1RS as well as the entire rye genome (Lawrence and Appels, 1986;Miedaner et al, 2012;Bauer et al, 2016). In situ hybridization technology with labelled sequenced probes has allowed the convenient microscopic visualization and identification of translocations involving 1RS (Appels et al, 1978;McIntyre et al, 1990;Liu et al, 2017).…”

Cytological and genetic effects of rye chromosomes 1RS and 3R on the wheat-breeding founder parent Chuanmai 42 from southwestern China

“…Moreover, the yield-enhancing effect of wheat-rye 1RS/1BL translocations has weakened as breeders continue to modify the wheat genome (Tahmasebi et al 2015). Hybridizations between wheat and various rye varieties have facilitated several new wheat-rye translocations, including wheat-rye 1RS.1BL translocations that did not involve secalin genes (Luaszewski 2003), 1RS.5DL translocations (Masoudi-Nejad et al 2002), and translocations involving other wheat and rye chromosomes (Wang et al 2014a;Fu et al 2014;Li et al 2015;Liu et al 2018;Li et al 2020). However, the genetic effects of these translocations on agronomic traits have rarely been investigated via QTL mapping.…”