Molecular Cytogenetic Studies in Strepsirrhine Primates, Dermoptera and Scandentia

Nie, Wei

doi:10.1159/000338727

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…HSA 1/5 syntenic associations have been reported as synapomorphic conditions within a small number of monophyletic taxa: it has been shown as a link between the Eulipotyphla families Erinaceidae and Talpidae [41,42], and in Artiodactyla there are two syntenies including HSA 1 and 5 in pig and cow (HSA 1q/5q/19p and 1q/5pq) [42]. Contrastingly, an HSA 5q/1a/19q association has been reported as an autapomorphy for the species Galago moholi within the Lorisiformes [43]. In bats, the association 5b/1c found in Glossophaga has been proposed to be a characteristic feature within Phyllostomidae [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal evolution among leaf-nosed nectarivorous bats – evidence from cross-species chromosome painting (Phyllostomidae, Chiroptera)

et al. 2013

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BackgroundNew World leaf-nosed bats, Phyllostomidae, represent a lineage of Chiroptera marked by unprecedented morphological/ecological diversity and extensive intergeneric chromosomal reorganization. There are still disagreements regarding their systematic relationships due to morphological convergence among some groups. Their history of karyotypic evolution also remains to be documented.ResultsTo better understand the evolutionary relationships within Phyllostomidae, we developed chromosome paints from the bat species Macrotus californicus. We tested the potential of these paints as phylogenetic tools by looking for chromosomal signatures in two lineages of nectarivorous phyllostomids whose independent origins have been statistically supported by molecular phylogenies. By examining the chromosomal homologies defined by chromosome painting among two representatives of the subfamily Glossophaginae (Glossophaga soricina and Anoura cultrata) and one species from the subfamily Lonchophyllinae (Lonchophylla concava), we found chromosomal correspondence in regions not previously detected by other comparative cytogenetic techniques. We proposed the corresponding human chromosomal segments for chromosomes of the investigated species and found two syntenic associations shared by G. soricina and A. cultrata.ConclusionComparative painting with whole chromosome-specific paints of M. californicus demonstrates an extensive chromosomal reorganization within the two lineages of nectarivorous phyllostomids, with a large number of chromosomes shared between M. californicus and G. soricina. We show that the evolution of nectar-feeding bats occurs mainly by reshuffling of chiropteran Evolutionarily Conserved Units (ECUs). Robertsonian fusions/fissions and inversions seem to be important modifiers of phyllostomid karyotypes, and autapomorphic character states are common within species. Macrotus californicus chromosome paints will be a valuable tool for documenting the pattern of karyotypic evolution within Phyllostomidae radiation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal evolution among leaf-nosed nectarivorous bats – evidence from cross-species chromosome painting (Phyllostomidae, Chiroptera)

et al. 2013

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“…Synteny is relatively well conserved among the apes and old world monkeys. Still, there have been a number of chro-mosome fission, chromosome fusion, and rearrangements in the course of primate evolution (Kehrer-Sawatzki and Cooper 2008;Capozzi et al 2012;Nie 2012;de Oliveira et al 2012;Stanyon et al 2012). Thus, to place scaffolds on chromosomes accurately, mapping information is necessary.…”

Section: Strategies For Improving Nonhuman Primate Genomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Genome Assemblies and Annotations for Nonhuman Primates

Norgren

2013

ILAR Journal

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The study of nonhuman primates (NHP) is key to understanding human evolution, in addition to being an important model for biomedical research. NHPs are especially important for translational medicine. There are now exciting opportunities to greatly increase the utility of these models by incorporating Next Generation (NextGen) sequencing into study design. Unfortunately, the draft status of nonhuman genomes greatly constrains what can currently be accomplished with available technology. Although all genomes contain errors, draft assemblies and annotations contain so many mistakes that they make currently available nonhuman primate genomes misleading to investigators conducting evolutionary studies; and these genomes are of insufficient quality to serve as references for NextGen studies. Fortunately, NextGen sequencing can be used in the production of greatly improved genomes. Existing Sanger sequences can be supplemented with NextGen whole genome, and exomic genomic sequences to create new, more complete and correct assemblies. Additional physical mapping, and an incorporation of information about gene structure, can be used to improve assignment of scaffolds to chromosomes. In addition, mRNA-sequence data can be used to economically acquire transcriptome information, which can be used for annotation. Some highly polymorphic and complex regions, for example MHC class I and immunoglobulin loci, will require extra effort to properly assemble and annotate. However, for the vast majority of genes, a modest investment in money, and a somewhat greater investment in time, can greatly improve assemblies and annotations sufficient to produce true, reference grade nonhuman primate genomes. Such resources can reasonably be expected to transform nonhuman primate research.

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Chromosomal Rearrangements in Primates

Ruiz‐Herrera

2015

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Primates are characterised by the non‐specialist nature of their morphological features that, together with the plasticity of their behaviours, have allowed them to exploit a wide variety of ecological niches. The study of the mechanisms involved in karyotype evolution in Primates is fundamental to our understanding of mammalian genome organisation and its role in adaptation. The combined use of comparative genomics and molecular cytogenetics has contributed to the finer dissection of chromosomal rearrangements in Primates, providing new insights into the dynamics of genome reshuffling that characterise this group. These approaches have permitted the characterisation of large‐scale genomic changes (i.e. inversions, fusions, fissions and translocations) as well as the chromosomal regions involved. This has contributed to refine Primate genomic architecture and evolutionary relationships among species. Here the different evolutionary patterns that have been described in Primates will be investigated together with the most plausible hypotheses for ancestral karyotypes that have been inferred for each specific lineage. Key Concepts Primates are classified into six major groups: lemurids, lorisids, tarsiers, New‐World monkeys, Old‐World monkeys and apes. The diversity of Primate species is exemplified by the variety of diploid numbers that characterise the group, ranging from 2n = 16 (i.e. Callicebus lugens ) to 2n = 72 (i.e. some Cercopithecus species). Comparative chromosomal studies among species are now possible, thanks to the combined use of different methodological approaches such whole‐genome comparative studies and FISH using either whole‐chromosome paintings or DNA‐specific probes. Chromosomal evolution within Primates is highly intricate, as each major taxonomic group has followed a different pattern of reorganisations. The family Hominidae, which includes orang‐utans, gorillas, chimpanzee and humans, has suffered few large‐scale chromosomal reorganisations since their common ancestor, most of them being lineage‐specific inversions. Lesser apes are characterised by an extremely high rate of chromosomal reshuffling, including lineage‐specific fissions, fusions, inversions and translocations. The group Catarrhini shows a general pattern of moderate rate of chromosomal changes, whereas Platyrrhini represents a highly diverse group with diploid numbers ranging from 2n = 16 in Callicebus to 2n = 62 in Lagothrix , in which inter‐ and intra‐specific chromosomal reorganisations are abundant. The general view is that the putative karyotype of the last common ancestor of Primates consists of 50 chromosomes, with the following homologies with human chromosomes: 1, 2p‐q, 2q, 3/21, 4, 5, 6, 7b, 7a/16p, 8, 9, 10p, 10q, 11, 12a/22a, 12b/22b, 13, 14/15, 16q, 17, 18, 19p, 19q, 20, X and Y.

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Molecular Cytogenetic Studies in Strepsirrhine Primates, Dermoptera and Scandentia

Cited by 5 publications

References 117 publications

Chromosomal evolution among leaf-nosed nectarivorous bats – evidence from cross-species chromosome painting (Phyllostomidae, Chiroptera)

Chromosomal evolution among leaf-nosed nectarivorous bats – evidence from cross-species chromosome painting (Phyllostomidae, Chiroptera)

Improving Genome Assemblies and Annotations for Nonhuman Primates

Chromosomal Rearrangements in Primates

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