Molecular deformation in spider dragline silk subjected to stress

Sirichaisit, J.; Young, Robert J.; Vollrath, Fritz

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00293-1

Cited by 68 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The effect of drawing on silkworm cocoon and dragline fibers has been investigated, in particular the effect of strain and stress on the position of the skeletal (1085 cm 21 for cocoon silk and 1095 cm 21 for the dragline silk) and amide III bands (1230 cm 21 for cocoon silk and 1226 cm 21 for the dragline). 52,53 The results show that the mechanical behavior of B. mori and dragline silk is very comparable with that of high-performance synthetic polymers. The effect of strain and stress on the level of orientation of B. mori silk was also investigated.…”

Section: The Effect Of Mechanical Drawing On Fibersmentioning

confidence: 80%

Structure of silk by raman spectromicroscopy: From the spinning glands to the fibers

et al. 2011

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Raman spectroscopy has long been proved to be a useful tool to study the conformation of protein‐based materials such as silk. Thanks to recent developments, linearly polarized Raman spectromicroscopy has appeared very efficient to characterize the molecular structure of native single silk fibers and spinning dopes because it can provide information relative to the protein secondary structure, molecular orientation, and amino acid composition. This review will describe recent advances in the study of the structure of silk by Raman spectromicroscopy. A particular emphasis is put on the spider dragline and silkworm cocoon threads, other fibers spun by orb‐weaving spiders, the spinning dope contained in their silk glands and the effect of mechanical deformation. Taken together, the results of the literature show that Raman spectromicroscopy is particularly efficient to investigate all aspects of silk structure and production. The data provided can lead to a better understanding of the structure of the silk dope, transformations occurring during the spinning process, and structure and mechanical properties of native fibers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 322–336, 2012.

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Section: The Effect Of Mechanical Drawing On Fibersmentioning

confidence: 80%

Structure of silk by raman spectromicroscopy: From the spinning glands to the fibers

et al. 2011

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“…The Nano Bionix performs CDA by imposing a tiny dynamic oscillation upon fibers during extension. This provides a continuous measure of the amount of energy stored within silk fibroins (EЈ or storage modulus) as a result of deformation of chemical bonds (Sirichaisit et al, 2000;Termonia, 1994) and entropic effects (Gosline et al, 1984), as well as the ratio of the viscous to elastic behavior of the fibers (tan ␦ or loss tangent). We used a dynamic strain oscillation frequency of 20·Hz and dynamic force amplitude of 4.5·mN, resulting in a maximum dynamic displacement of 45·m.…”

Section: Mechanical Analysis Of Silkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silken toolkits: biomechanics of silk fibers spun by the orb web spiderArgiope argentata(Fabricius 1775)

Blackledge

Hayashi

2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

262

275

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SUMMARY Orb-weaving spiders spin five fibrous silks from differentiated glands that contain unique sets of proteins. Despite diverse ecological functions, the mechanical properties of most of these silks are not well characterized. Here,we quantify the mechanical performance of this toolkit of silks for the silver garden spider Argiope argentata. Four silks exhibit viscoelastic behaviour typical of polymers, but differ statistically from each other by up to 250% in performance, giving each silk a distinctive suite of material properties. Major ampullate silk is 50% stronger than other fibers, but also less extensible. Aciniform silk is almost twice as tough as other silks because of high strength and extensibility. Capture spiral silk, coated with aqueous glue, is an order of magnitude stretchier than other silks. Dynamic mechanical properties are qualitatively similar, but quantitatively vary by up to 300% among silks. Storage moduli are initially nearly constant and increase after fiber yield, whereas loss tangents reach maxima of 0.1–0.2 at the yield. The remarkable mechanical diversity of Argiope argentata silks probably results in part from the different molecular structures of fibers and can be related to the specific ecological role of each silk. Our study indicates substantial potential to customize the mechanics of bioengineered silks.

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“…By recording polarized spectra, Raman microspectroscopy was used to determine the orientation of the carbonyl groups in spider and silkworm silks via the amide I band thereby determining the orientation of the b-sheet crystallites (32). Conformational and orientation changes in fibers under strain can also be revealed by Raman spectroscopy (33)(34)(35). Attenuated total reflection (ATR) FTIR spectra can also be obtained by depositing a single fiber sample on a diamond window (36).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying natural structural protein fibers by solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance

Arnold

Marcotte

2009

Concepts Magnetic Resonance

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As a consequence of evolutionary pressure, various organisms have developed structural fibers displaying a range of exceptional mechanical properties adapted specifically to their functions. An understanding of these properties at the molecular level requires a detailed description of local structure, orientation with respect to the fiber and size of constitutive units, and dynamics on various timescales. The size and lack of long-range order in these protein systems constitute an important challenge to classical structural techniques such as high-resolution NMR and X-ray diffraction. Solidstate NMR overcomes these constraints and is uniquely suited to the study of these inherently disordered systems. Solid-state NMR experiments developed or applied to determine structure, orientation, and dynamics of these complex proteins will be reviewed and illustrated through examples of their applications to fibers such as spider and silkworm silks, collagen, elastin, and keratin.

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Molecular deformation in spider dragline silk subjected to stress

Cited by 68 publications

References 13 publications

Structure of silk by raman spectromicroscopy: From the spinning glands to the fibers

Structure of silk by raman spectromicroscopy: From the spinning glands to the fibers

Silken toolkits: biomechanics of silk fibers spun by the orb web spiderArgiope argentata(Fabricius 1775)

Studying natural structural protein fibers by solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance

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