Molecular design of organic dyes for thin-film electroluminescent diodes

Tsutsui, Tetsuo; Aminaka, E.; Fujita, Y.; Hamada, Y.; Saito, Shōgo

doi:10.1016/0379-6779(93)90574-g

Cited by 43 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The main characteristics of materials used as ETLs are: (i) they have large electron affinity and high electron mobility for efficient injection and transport of electrons and (ii) they have large exciton energy in order to prevent the energy transfer of the excitons, which are produced by charge recombination within the EML, to the ETL [180]. Besides, they are preferentially amorphous solids in order to have good film-forming ability [181].…”

Section: Low Molecular Weight Electroluminescent Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemistry of electroluminescent organic materials

Segura¹

1998

Acta Polym.

287

200

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Electroluminescence has been a subject of interest for several decades because of its many applications in areas such as telecommunications or information displays. Light‐emitting diodes using p‐n junctions of inorganic semiconductors have dominated the field in the last twenty years; however, efficient blue emission has only recently been achieved and inorganic semiconductors are difficult to form over large areas, making the process uneconomic. During the last decade, an explosive growth of activity in the area of organic electroluminescence has occurred in both academia and industry, stimulated by the promise of light‐emitting plastics for the fabrication of large, flexible, inexpensive and efficient screens to be used in different applications. Thus, a substantial amount of research is presently directed towards color control and improvement of manufacturability and reliability of devices in order to make their commercialization viable. A great deal of work has been carried out by physicists and materials scientists concerned with the preparation of different device structures and with the use of different techniques for device manufacture. However, all this work would not be possible without the continuous efforts of synthetic chemists to prepare materials with enhanced luminescent properties and processabilities. This article provides a review of the main types of organic materials that have been used in the fabrica‐tion of light‐emitting diodes either as emitting materials or as charge‐transport layers. Special attention will be paid to the different synthetic strategies that have been followed in order to tune the color of the emission, to increase stability of materials and to enhance their processabilities.

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Section: Low Molecular Weight Electroluminescent Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemistry of electroluminescent organic materials

Segura¹

1998

Acta Polym.

287

200

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“…[91] The major requirements for electron-transporting molecular glasses applied in multilayer electroluminescent devices can be summarized in the following three points. [92] l Materials have to have a large electron affinity and high electron mobility for efficient injection and transport of electrons.…”

Section: Electron-transporting Molecular Glassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge-Transporting Molecular Glasses

Strohriegl¹,

2002

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Among organic materials vitrification for many years was regarded mainly as a privilege of polymers. However, recently a lot of attention is paid to organic low molar mass compounds that readily form glasses above room temperature. Such compounds are called molecular glasses or amorphous molecular materials. Among these materials the most widely studied are charge‐transporting molecular glasses used in copiers and laser printers, organic light‐emitting diodes, photovoltaic devices, and as photorefractive materials. Two types of molecular glasses, i.e., p‐type (hole‐transporting), and n‐type (electron‐transporting) are discussed. Work of the laboratories of the authors is emphasized. In addition, an overview of current and potential applications for these materials is presented.

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“…Aromatic oxadiazole compounds are known to show blue electroluminescence (40)(41)(42). Main chain oxadiazole polymers can also be made fluorescent by proper modification of the chemical structure.…”

Section: N-n N-nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Properties of Novel High-Electron-Affinity Polymers for Electroluminescent Devices

Grimsdale

Cervini

et al. 1997

ACS Symposium Series

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New conjugated polymers with high electron affinities for use in polymer light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been synthesized, and their optical and electrochemical properties studied. Incorporation of electronwithdrawing trifluoromethyl substituents was found to markedly enhance the electron affinity of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV). Polymers incorporating electron-transporting oxadiazole units either in the main -chain or as side-chains have been prepared and evaluated as emissive and charge-transporting materials in LEDs. Copolymers have been made containing both emissive and charge-transporting units as side-chains. The electrochemical oxidation and reduction potentials of all these materials have been measured and compared with those of other conjugated polymers.Since the first report of polymer light-emitting devices (LEDs) using poly(pphenylene vinylene) (PPV) as an emissive layer (1), much progress has been achieved in the understanding of the physics and materials chemistry of LEDs, and also in the search for new electroluminescent polymers. Colors ranging from infrared to violet can be achieved for polymer LEDs by using different emissive polymers. A variety of emissive polymers, such as substituted poly(phenylene vinylene) (2,3),poly(3-alkylthiophene) (4,5) and polyphenylene derivatives (6-8) have been described. These polymers are usually sandwiched between a transparent layer of indium-tin oxide (ITO) and a metal electrode. Singlet excitons are formed under double charge injection and decay radiatively to produce light emission at a wavelength in accordance with the band gap energy of the emissive polymers. Electron Injection and Charge Transport in Polymer Light Emitting DevicesIn addition to the considerable advances in the tuning of emission colors of polymeric LEDs, recent attention has focussed on improving the efficiency of devices. In order

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Molecular design of organic dyes for thin-film electroluminescent diodes

Cited by 43 publications

References 12 publications

The chemistry of electroluminescent organic materials

The chemistry of electroluminescent organic materials

Charge-Transporting Molecular Glasses

Synthesis and Properties of Novel High-Electron-Affinity Polymers for Electroluminescent Devices

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