Molecular Design Strategies for Electrochemical Behavior of Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds in Organic and Aqueous Electrolytes

Abstract

To sustainably satisfy the growing demand for energy, organic carbonyl compounds (OCCs) are being widely studied as electrode active materials for batteries owing to their high capacity, flexible structure, low cost, environmental friendliness, renewability, and universal applicability. However, their high solubility in electrolytes, limited active sites, and low conductivity are obstacles in increasing their usage. Here, the nucleophilic addition reaction of aromatic carbonyl compounds (ACCs) is first used to explain the electrochemical behavior of carbonyl compounds during charge–discharge, and the relationship of the molecular structure and electrochemical properties of ACCs are discussed. Strategies for molecular structure modifications to improve the performance of ACCs, i.e., the capacity density, cycle life, rate performance, and voltage of the discharge platform, are also elaborated. ACCs, as electrode active materials in aqueous solutions, will become a future research hotspot. ACCs will inevitably become sustainable green materials for batteries with high capacity density and high power density.

Organic template-assisted green synthesis of CoMoO4 nanomaterials for the investigation of energy storage properties

“…The organic molecules as an electrode material revealed more reactive sites, thus revealing the redox stability that can provide a high specic capacity. 80 These results are consistent with those of Peng et al, 80 Miroshnikov et al, 79 and Xu et al, 81 where it was reported that organic compounds (particularly having carbonyl and/or hydroxyl groups) are mostly derived from biomass, and mainly composed of C, H, O, and N elements, which were positively correlated with increasing capacitance, power and energy density. In another study, Fang et al revealed the excellent specic capacitance (423 F g À1 at 0.5 A g À1 ) of biomass (betel nut) derived doped carbon.…”

Organic template-based ZnO embedded Mn3O4 nanoparticles: synthesis and evaluation of their electrochemical properties towards clean energy generation

“…One of the prominent aspects of present work is the incorporation of organic functional groups; methyldecylamine (C 11 H 25 N) comprised of C, H, N elements which affect the surface morphology of the synthesized material in term of enhancement of active sites and charge transfer properties of the electro-catalyst as depicted by the XPS analysis in which C-OH, C-O-C compounds have been identied. These results are consistent with previous studies 62,63 which demonstrates that The as-synthesized electrode has also been tested for HER studies at varying potential (V, RHE), as shown in Fig. 7.…”

Binding Zinc Ions by Carboxyl Groups from Adjacent Molecules toward Long‐Life Aqueous Zinc–Organic Batteries

“…1 H NMR study of DTT cathode after discharge is shown in Figure S5 (Supporting Information), which indicates that two H + and 0.5 Zn 2+ are bound by per DTT molecule, which further indicate that the mode of DTT 2 (H + ) 4 (Zn 2+ ) (Figure 4a) is the most likely configuration of the discharged product. According to the previous report, [ 51 ] the coordination reaction of several carbonyls in the aromatic carbonyl molecule with Zn 2+ can enhance the binding force and stabilize the molecular structure, which thus improves cycle stability of organic electrodes. That is to say, one Zn 2+ connecting with two adjacent DTT molecules have been verified by that DFT calculation and NMR analysis, which should be another reason for the achieved long life (23 000 cycles), in addition to the inherent insolubility of DTT molecule.…”