Molecular Detection and Antibiotic Resistance of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio alginolyticus from Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and Shrimp Environments in Bangladesh

Abstract

Some Vibrio species can cause food-borne diseases in humans, including cholera, vomiting, septicemia, and gastroenteritis, which are associated with the consumption of contaminated seafood products. The study was conducted to detect antimicrobial-resistant Vibrio species in shrimp and shrimp environments in Bangladesh. Samples of shrimp (n = 50), water (n = 50), and mud (n = 50) were collected aseptically from 50 different shrimp culture ponds in the Khulna region of Bangladesh. Identification of Vibrio species was based on cultural and staining characteristics, biochemical tests, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined using a disk diffusion assay. By PCR, Vibrio isolates were found in 34% (95% CI: 26.9%–41.9%) of the samples, of which the detection rate was significantly higher in shrimp (54%), compared to mud (26%) and water (22%). Moreover, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. alginolyticus were detected in 24.7%, 15.3%, and 4% of the samples, respectively. Among them, the detection rate of V. cholerae and V. alginolyticus was significantly higher in shrimp samples than in other samples. V. parahaemolyticus was also higher in the shrimp samples, but the difference was not statistically significant. Vibrio isolates showed high to moderate resistance (92.2%–15.7%) to ampicillin, amikacin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, ceftazidime, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, and low resistance (3.9%) to imipenem, meropenem, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Interestingly, 52.9% of the isolates were multidrug resistant, and the multiple antibiotic resistance index was up to 1.0. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Bangladesh detecting these three Vibrio species (V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, and V. cholerae) from shrimp and shrimp environments by molecular approach in the same study. These findings reveal the alarmingly high occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Vibrio species in shrimp and shrimp environments, which should be of concern to both the shrimp industry and public health management.

Report of the Scientific Committee of the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition (AESAN) on the microbiological criteria for Vibrio cholerae, as additional control measures at border control posts, applicable to imported frozen prawns and other fishery products

“…Vibrio spp. are typically found in aquatic environments and some pose a serious danger to human health as causative agents of foodborne infections (Haque et al, 2023). Vibrio spp.…”

“…Vibrio spp. can cause cholera, vomiting, sepsis, bloody diarrhoea, abdominal pain, fever and nausea, processes that are often associated with the consumption of contaminated seafood (Haque et al, 2023). 12 of the 30 species of the genus are considered human pathogens; among these, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus are the most frequently reported (Haque et al, 2023).…”

“…can occur at various points in the production chain, including the life cycle of seafood, as well as its processing, conservation and storage (for example, from plankton, pond water, water used for cleaning, ice and by cross-contamination with different surfaces) (Jantapaso et al, 2024), especially when these operations are performed in inadequate hygienic conditions. As a result, fishery products may be contaminated with different species of Vibrio that not only contribute to their deterioration, but also to the spread of cholera and other foodborne diseases (Haque et al, 2023).…”

Draft genome sequence of biofilm-forming Enterococcus faecalis BAU_Ef01 strain isolated from shrimp ( Penaeus indicus ) in Bangladesh

“…From October 2021 to March 2023, white shrimp ( Penaeus indicus ) samples were collected from Cox’s Bazar (21.4272°N, 92.0058°E) and transferred to our laboratory (21.4272°N, 92.0058°E). Subsequently, samples were processed following the previously described procedure ( 5 ). Each shrimp sample’s brain, leg, muscle, and intestine were blended and then used for enrichment in a nutrient broth (HiMedia, India), streaked on Enterococcus agar (HiMedia, India) media, and incubated aerobically again overnight at 37°C.…”

Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Bioluminescent Bacteria Isolated from Selected Marine Crustacean in Manila Bay, Philippines

“…This shows that antimicrobial-resistant Vibrio species are present in shrimp and shrimp settings, necessitating a thorough surveillance program including numerous farms and samples from all across the country. 41 In non-crustacean marine organisms, an outbreak of vibriosis characterized by serious ulcers in the skin was reported in cultured seahorses. It emphasizes the role of Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio alginolyticus in the disease outbreak in the aquaculture of farmed seahorses and emphasizes the significance of creating early diagnostics and suitable prevention measures to lessen the harm caused by Vibrio spp.…”