Molecular detection and genotype diversity of hemoplasmas in non-hematophagous bats and associated ectoparasites sampled in peri-urban areas from Brazil

Ikeda, Priscila; Torres, Jaire Marinho; Lourenço, Elizabete Captivo; Albery, Gregory F.; Herrera, Heitor Miraglia; Oliveira, Carina Elisei de; Machado, Rosangela Zacarias; André, Marcos Rogério

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106203

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…This low bacteraemia might be related to the low pathogenicity of the involved haemoplasmas in this group of animals, or even to the more effective e1887 F I G U R E 5 Distance analysis by SplitsTree4 software with the parameters "Neighbor -Net" and "Uncorrected p-distance" for the 16S rRNA gene F I G U R E 6 Distance analysis by SplitsTree4 software with the parameters "Neighbor -Net" and "Uncorrected p-distance" for the 23S rRNA gene immune response of this group of animals to haemotropic mycoplasmas. Such difficulty has already been reported in the molecular detection and sequencing of haemoplasmas in wild carnivores and bats(Carneiro et al, 2020;Ikeda et al, 2021).The phylogenetic positioning of both 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA haemoplasma sequences detected in the present study associated with the low identity values obtained by BLASTn analysis of the obtained 16S rRNA sequences (<97%)(Drancourt & Raoult, 2005;Hanage et al, 2006) suggests the circulation of possible new haemotropic Mycoplasma species in T. tetradactyla and P. maximus.…”

supporting

confidence: 41%

“…This low bacteraemia might be related to the low pathogenicity of the involved haemoplasmas in this group of animals, or even to the more effective immune response of this group of animals to haemotropic mycoplasmas. Such difficulty has already been reported in the molecular detection and sequencing of haemoplasmas in wild carnivores and bats (Carneiro et al., 2020; Ikeda et al., 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Molecular investigation of haemotropic mycoplasmas and Coxiella burnetii in free‐living Xenarthra mammals from Brazil, with evidence of new haemoplasma species

Oliveira

Calchi

Vultão

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Although mammals of the superorder Xenarthra are considered hosts of a wide range of zoonotic agents, works aiming at investigating the role of these animals as hosts for bacteria with zoonotic potential are rare. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence and molecularly characterize Coxiella burnetii and haemoplasma (haemotropic mycoplasmas) DNA in blood and spleen samples from 397 free-living Xenarthra mammals (233 sloths, 107 anteaters and 57 armadillos) in five Brazilian states (Mato Grosso do Sul, São Paulo, Pará, Rondônia and Rio Grande do Sul). All biological samples from Xenarthra were negative in the qPCR for Coxiella burnetii based on the IS1111 gene. The absence of C. burnetii DNA in blood and spleen samples from Xenarthra suggests that these mammals may not act as possible hosts for this agent in the locations studied. When performed conventional PCR assays for the endogenous (gapdh) mammalian gene, 386 samples were positive. When screened by molecular assays based on the 16S rRNA gene of haemoplasmas, 81 samples were positive, of which 15.54% (60/386) were positive by conventional PCR and 5.44% (21/386) were positive by real-time PCR; three samples were positive in both assays.Of these, 39.74% (31/78) were also positive for the 23S rRNA gene and 7.69% (6/78) for the haemoplasma RNAse P gene. Among the samples positive for haemoplasmas, 25.64% (20/78) were obtained from anteaters (Tamandua tetradactyla and Myrmecophaga tridactyla), 39.74% (31/78) from sloths (Bradypus tridactylus, Bradypus sp. and Choloepus sp.) 34.61% (27/78) from armadillos (Priodontes maximus, Euphractus sexcinctus and Dasypus novemcinctus). A haemoplasma 16S rRNA sequence closely related and showing high identity (99.7%) to Mycoplasma wenyonii was detected, for the first time, in B. tridactylus. Based on the low identity and phylogenetic positioning of 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA sequences of haemoplasmas detected in anteaters and armadillos, the present study showed, for the first time, the occurrence of putative new

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supporting

confidence: 41%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Molecular investigation of haemotropic mycoplasmas and Coxiella burnetii in free‐living Xenarthra mammals from Brazil, with evidence of new haemoplasma species

Oliveira

Calchi

Vultão

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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“…A high diversity of genotypes ( n = 22) was found in the present work by analysis of 30 partial 16S rRNA sequences of hemoplasmas obtained from tapirs’ samples. Richness on genotype diversity was also reported for hemoplasmas detected in bats from Brazil [ 56 ]. Although the genotypes found in tapirs from the Pantanal diverged from those found in tapirs from the Cerrado, a genetic proximity between these genotypes was demonstrated on the genotype network analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Meanwhile, 23S rRNA sequences that fit in Ca2 presented similarity ranges of 90.20–90.57% with a sequence of Mycoplasma haemofelis from the USA (NR103993). In fact, putative novel hemoplasma species may present lower similarity rates in BLASTn analysis for 23S rRNA sequences when compared to 16S rRNA sequences [ 22 , 55 , 56 ]. These differences may be explained by the fact that, although the 23S rRNA is considered as phylogenetically conserved as 16S rRNA, it presents a higher degree of sequence variability [ 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the genotypes found in tapirs from the Pantanal diverged from those found in tapirs from the Cerrado, a genetic proximity between these genotypes was demonstrated on the genotype network analysis. The occurrence of more than one genotype in the same region infecting wild hosts has already been reported in bats from Brazil [ 56 ]. Interestingly, one animal that was sampled at three different times (IDs: WE-P-1, WE-P-2, and WE-P-3) presented three different genotypes according to the time of sampling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expanding the Universe of Hemoplasmas: Multi-Locus Sequencing Reveals Putative Novel Hemoplasmas in Lowland Tapirs (Tapirus terrestris), the Largest Land Mammals in Brazil

et al. 2022

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The lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) is the largest land mammal in Brazil and classified as a vulnerable species, according to the assessment of the risk of extinction. The present study aimed at investigating the occurrence and genetic diversity of hemoplasmas in free-ranging T. terrestris from the Brazilian Pantanal and Cerrado biomes. Blood samples were collected from 94 living and eight road-killed tapirs, totalizing 125 samples Conventional PCR targeting four different genes (16S rRNA, 23S rRNA, RNAse P, and dnaK) were performed, and the obtained sequences were submitted for phylogenetic, genotype diversity, and distance analyses. The association between hemoplasma positivity and possible risk variables (age, gender, and origin) was assessed. Out of 122 analyzed samples, 41 (41/122; 33.61% CI: 25.84–42.38%) were positive in the 16S rRNA-based PCR assay for hemoplasmas. Positivity for hemoplasmas did not differ between tapirs’ gender and age. Tapirs from Pantanal were 5.64 times more likely to present positive results for hemoplasmas when compared to tapirs sampled in Cerrado. BLASTn, phylogenetic, genotype diversity, and distance analyses performed herein showed that the sampled lowland tapirs might be infected by two genetically distinct hemoplasmas, namely ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoterrestris’ and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haematotapirus’. While the former was positioned into “Mycoplasma haemofelis group” and closely related to ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum, the latter was positioned into “Mycoplasma suis group” and closely related to ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haematobos’. The impact of both putative novel species on tapir health status should be investigated.

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Chopra‐Dewasthaly,

Pereyre

et al. 2024

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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My.co.plas'ma. Gr. masc. n. mykês , mushroom or other fungus; Gr. neut. n. plasma , anything formed or molded, image, figure; N.L. neut. n. Mycoplasma , fungus form. Bacillota_I / Bacilli_A / Mycoplasmatales / Mycoplasmataceae / Mycoplasma Bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma are small (300–800 nm in diameter) pleomorphic cells devoid of a cell wall. Culturable species usually form very small (<1 mm) umbonate colonies on agar. Their use of the codon UGA to encode tryptophan is a distinctive characteristic of all species examined to date. As a consequence of their small (usually 0.5–1.5 Mb) genomes they have limited intermediary metabolism and are nutritionally fastidious, requiring exogenous carbohydrates or arginine, fatty acids, cholesterol or other sterols, peptides, cofactors, and free nucleic acids for axenic growth. In nature, all species are obligate commensals or parasites with varying degrees of specificity for a wide range of vertebrate hosts. The type species Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides and Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae are highly virulent animal pathogens subject to strict international regulations, but the genus is perhaps better known for Mycoplasma pneumoniae , the agent of primary atypical “walking” pneumonia in humans. The relative biological simplicity of mycoplasmas confers significant advantages for current proteomics, metabolomics, synthetic genomics, and systems biology research. For example, the recent chemical synthesis and transplantation of intact chromosomes demonstrated that it is possible to enliven a mycoplasma fully capable of autonomous replication with an artificially constructed genome. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 23–40. Type species : Mycoplasma mycoides Freundt 1955 AL (basonym: Asterococcus mycoides Borrel et al. 1910.

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Molecular detection and genotype diversity of hemoplasmas in non-hematophagous bats and associated ectoparasites sampled in peri-urban areas from Brazil

Cited by 14 publications

References 64 publications

Molecular investigation of haemotropic mycoplasmas and Coxiella burnetii in free‐living Xenarthra mammals from Brazil, with evidence of new haemoplasma species

Molecular investigation of haemotropic mycoplasmas and Coxiella burnetii in free‐living Xenarthra mammals from Brazil, with evidence of new haemoplasma species

Expanding the Universe of Hemoplasmas: Multi-Locus Sequencing Reveals Putative Novel Hemoplasmas in Lowland Tapirs (Tapirus terrestris), the Largest Land Mammals in Brazil

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