Molecular Detection of a New
            <i>Anaplasma</i>
            Species Closely Related to
            <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>
            in Canine Blood from South Africa

Inokuma, Hisashi; Oyamada, Maremichi; Kelly, Patrick J.; Jacobson, Linda A.; Fournier, Pierre‐Edouard; Itamoto, Kazuhito; Okuda, Masaru; Brouqui, Philippe

doi:10.1128/jcm.43.6.2934-2937.2005

Cited by 54 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…SA1076 from a dog in South Africa (GenBank accession no. AY570539) (21). This sequence was 98.7% identical (1,321 of 1,338 bp compared) to the A. phagocytophilum strain 'HGE agent' (where HGE is a designation for human granulocytic ehrlichiosis) CAHU-HGE2 from a human patient in northern California (GenBank accession no.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Novel Genetic Variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum , Anaplasma bovis , Anaplasma centrale , and a Novel Ehrlichia sp. in Wild Deer and Ticks on Two Major Islands in Japan

Kawahara¹,

Rikihisa

Lin

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

287

212

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Wild deer are one of the important natural reservoir hosts of several species of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma that cause human ehrlichiosis or anaplasmosis in the United States and Europe. The primary aim of the present study was to determine whether and what species of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma naturally infect deer in Japan. Blood samples obtained from wild deer on two major Japanese islands, Hokkaido and Honshu, were tested for the presence of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma by PCR assays and sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes, major outer membrane protein p44 genes, and groESL. DNA representing four species and two genera of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma was identified in 33 of 126 wild deer (26%). DNA sequence analysis revealed novel strains of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, a novel Ehrlichia sp., Anaplasma centrale, and Anaplasma bovis in the blood samples from deer. None of these have been found previously in deer. The new Ehrlichia sp., A. bovis, and A. centrale were also detected in Hemaphysalis longicornis ticks from Honshu Island. These results suggest that enzootic cycles of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species distinct from those found in the United States or Europe have been established in wild deer and ticks in Japan.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Surprisingly, the bacterium closest to A. phagocytophilum from Japanese deer, as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison, was Anaplasma sp. SA1076 from a dog in South Africa (21). Therefore, it is possible that this A. phagocytophilum strain infects domestic dogs in Japan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Genetic Variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum , Anaplasma bovis , Anaplasma centrale , and a Novel Ehrlichia sp. in Wild Deer and Ticks on Two Major Islands in Japan

Kawahara¹,

Rikihisa

Lin

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

287

212

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“…Serological cross-reactivity between Ehrlichia infections is known to occur (Parola et al, 2001) which suggests that molecular assays should be used to support serological evidence. On the other hand, a species closely related to A. phagocytophilum has been identified from three dog specimens in South Africa (Inokuma et al, 2005). Perhaps if more dogs with confirmed ehrlichiosis could be sampled, the current picture may change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is currently unknown whether the South African domestic dog population carries tick-borne infectious agents of human importance, which can be detected using molecular techniques. To date, we are aware of one report where a new Anaplasma species closely related to Anaplasma phagocytophilum was detected from canine blood (Inokuma et al, 2005). Therefore, the second focus of this report was to search for zoonotic Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species and thirdly, to evaluate the degree of co-infection with multiple tick-borne pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of tick-borne protozoal and ehrlichial infections in domestic dogs in South Africa

Matjila¹,

Leisewitz²,

Jongejan³

et al. 2008

Veterinary Parasitology

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A total of 1138 blood specimens were collected over a 6-year period (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006) from domestic dogs in South Africa. Specimens from domestic dogs were obtained from the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital (OVAH) in Pretoria, the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Johannesburg, Durban, East London and Bloemfontein) and private practices from four provinces (Gauteng, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal and Western Cape). All specimens were screened for Babesia, Theileria, Hepatozoon and Ehrlichia/Anaplasma species using PCR and Reverse Line Blot (RLB) assays. On RLB, 560/1137 domestic dog-specimens were positive for one or more parasites. Of the positive domestic dog-specimens, 420 (75%) were infected with Babesia rossi; 82 (15%) dogs were infected with Theileria sp. (dog); 18 (3%) dogs were infected with Babesia vogeli; 14 (3%) specimens were infected with Ehrlichia canis. Mixed infections were also found: B. rossi and E. canis were detected in 12 (2%) specimens; B. vogeli and E. canis occurred in 7 (1%) specimens; Theileria sp. (dog) and E. canis in 3 (0.5%) specimens; B. rossi and B. vogeli in one specimen. B. rossi, B. vogeli and E. canis occurred simultaneously in one dog. There was also one incidental finding of a dog positive for Trypanosoma congolense. The results indicate that a wide range of tick-borne pathogens are circulating in the canine populations in South Africa. #

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“…phagocytophilum has been detected worldwide, particularly in North America and Europe as well as in South Africa, South America, and Asia; it infects humans, horses, ruminants, cats, dogs, and a variety of wildlife species, including rodents, deer, and carnivores (4,9,12,14,15,16,19,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,33,34,36,39,40,41,42). Clinical signs of infection, although differing with the species of host and the virulence, include fever, anorexia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, neurological signs, hepatic inflammation, abortions, and even fatalities in a small percentage of mammalian hosts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Major Surface Protein 5 and the Extent of Its Cross-Reactivity with A. marginale

Strik

Alleman

Barbet

et al. 2007

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Major surface protein 5 (Msp5) of Anaplasma marginale is highly conserved in the genus Anaplasma and the antigen used in a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for serologic identification of cattle with anaplasmosis. This study analyzes the degrees of conservation of Msp5 among various isolates of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and the extent of serologic cross-reactivity between recombinant Msp5 (rMsp5) of Anaplasma marginale and A. phagocytophilum. The msp5 genes from various isolates of A. phagocytophilum were sequenced and compared. rMsp5 proteins of A. phagocytophilum and A. marginale were used separately in an indirect ELISA to detect cross-reactivity in serum samples from humans and dogs infected with A. phagocytophilum and cattle infected with A. marginale. Serum samples were also tested with a commercially available competitive ELISA that uses monoclonal antibody ANAF16C1. There were 100% sequence identities in the msp5 genes among all of the A. phagocytophilum isolates from the United States and a horse isolate from Sweden. Sheep isolates from Norway and dog isolates from Sweden were 99% identical to one another but differed in 17 base pairs from the United States isolates and the horse isolate. Serologic cross-reactivity was identified when serum samples from cattle infected with A. marginale were reacted with rMsp5 of A. phagocytophilum and when serum samples from humans and dogs infected with A. phagocytophilum were reacted with rMsp5 of A. marginale in an indirect-ELISA format. Serum samples from dogs or humans infected with A. phagocytophilum did not cross-react with rMsp5 of A. marginale when tested with the commercially available cELISA. These results suggest that rMsp5 of A. phagocytophilum is highly conserved among United States and European isolates and that serologic distinction between A. phagocytophilum and A. marginale infections cannot be accomplished if rMsp5 from either organism is used in an indirect ELISA.The order Rickettsiales represents obligate intracellular bacteria that reside in vacuoles of eukaryotic cells, with the potential to cause fatal tick-transmitted diseases in humans and several mammalian species. Recent genetic studies reorganized some species within the order Rickettsiales, between the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae (11). Based on these studies, three organisms, formerly known as Ehrlichia phagocytophila, Ehrlichia equi, and the HGE (human granulocytic ehrlichiosis) agent, were unified as a single species and moved to the genus Anaplasma. These three organisms are now reclassified as Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis, an emerging tick-borne disease (6, 11).A. phagocytophilum has been detected worldwide, particularly in North America and Europe as well as in South Africa, South America, and Asia; it infects humans, horses, ruminants, cats, dogs, and a variety of wildlife species, including rodents, deer, and carnivores (4,

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Molecular Detection of a New Anaplasma Species Closely Related to Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Canine Blood from South Africa

Cited by 54 publications

References 12 publications

Novel Genetic Variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum , Anaplasma bovis , Anaplasma centrale , and a Novel Ehrlichia sp. in Wild Deer and Ticks on Two Major Islands in Japan

Novel Genetic Variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum , Anaplasma bovis , Anaplasma centrale , and a Novel Ehrlichia sp. in Wild Deer and Ticks on Two Major Islands in Japan

Molecular detection of tick-borne protozoal and ehrlichial infections in domestic dogs in South Africa

Characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Major Surface Protein 5 and the Extent of Its Cross-Reactivity with A. marginale

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