Molecular detection of alfalfa witches’-broom phytoplasma in four leafhopper species associated with infected alfalfa plants

Clover proliferation phytoplasma: ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’

“…The results showed repeatedly that the AWB, BLTV, CP R , PWB and TBBc phytoplasmas produced unique RFLP profiles with restriction endonucleases AluI and MseI and shared very similar or identical RFLP patterns with other endonucleases, such as EcoRII, HaeIII, HhaI, HinfI, HpaII, KpnI RsaI, Sau3AI and ThaI (Lee et al, 1993(Lee et al, , 1998Khadhair et al, 1997a;Wang et al, 1998;Wang & Hiruki, 2001). Collective RFLP patterns of 16S rRNA genes amplified from the phytoplasmas associated with strawberry (Fragaria multicipita) multiplier disease (FM) and Illinois elm yellows (ILEY) indicated that these phytoplasmas were only differentiated from the CP R phytoplasma by a single restriction site (AluI for FM and HhaI for ILEY) among 12 endonucleases that were used (Jomantiene et al, 1998;Jacobs et al, 2003).…”

“…The CP R phytoplasma was transmitted by M. fascifrons from T. hybridum to Callistephus chinensis, Catharanthus roseus, Daucus carota and Nicotiana rustica (Chiykowski, 1965). No transmission of CP R was obtained with Scaphytopius acutus (Chiykowski, 1965), or of alfalfa witches'-broom (AWB) by Aceratagallia sp., Neokolla hieroglyphica or Cuerna septentrionalis, although accumulation of the CP R 16S rRNA gene was detected in N. hieroglyphica and Cuerna septentrionalis (Khadhair et al, 1997a). Circulifer tenellus transmitted beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence (BLTV) and tomato big bud in California (TBBc), but not aster yellows (AY), whereas M. fascifrons transmitted AY, but not BLTV or TBBc (Shaw et al, 1993).…”

The Arthropod Fauna of Quebec Vineyards with Particular Reference to Phytophagous Arthropods

“…Endria inimica (painted leafhopper, Figure 24) is very destructive to grasslands and can indirectly transmit viruses and Aster Yellow group (16SrI) phytoplasmas (Wilbur 1954;Hill and Sinclair 2000). Neokolla confluens (Figure 56) and N. hieroglyphica (Figure 57) feed on woody plants (Beirne 1956) and weeds, transmit the alfalfa witches' broom (Khadhair et al 1997), and are known as vectors of phytoplasmas causing Pierce's disease and Western Xdisease on grapes (Frazier and Freitag 1946). In BC, their nymphs occasionally infest the shoots of grapevines in sufficient number to require control (T. Lowery, personal communication).…”

Detection and molecular characterization of phytoplasmas associated with vegetable and alfalfa crops in Qassim region

“…Moreover, the age of the field appeared to influence the incidence of the disease in carrot and alfalfa plants. Alfalfa was previously reported to be infected with phytoplasmas in association with witches' broom, yellows and phyllody symptoms, not only in Al-Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (AL-Saleh et al 2014), but also in many other areas around the world, including Italy (Marcone et al 1997), Canada (Khadhair et al 1997), Oman (Khan et al 2002), Bolivia (Jones et al 2005) and Iran (Esmailzadeh Hosseini et al 2015). Leaf reddening, purpling and yellowing; formation of chlorotic adventitious shoots; proliferation and reduction of size and quality of roots were observed in carrot plants infected with phytoplasma in Serbia (Duduk et al 2007), Israel (Orenstein et al 1999), India ), the UK (Nisbet et al 2014), Lithuania (Valiunas et al 2001), Canada (Wally et al 2004) and China (Li et al 2012).…”