Molecular detection of cacao swollen shoot badnavirus species by amplification with four PCR primer pairs, and evidence that Cacao swollen shoot Togo B virus-like isolates are highly prevalent in Côte d’Ivoire

Ramos-Sobrinho, Roberto; Kouakou, Koffié; Bi, Antoine Bolou; Keith, Cory Von; Diby, Lucien; Kouamé, Christophe; Aka, Romain Aka; Marelli, Jean-Philippe; Brown, Judith K.

doi:10.1007/s10658-021-02203-0

Cited by 8 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Cacao swollen shoot disease (CSSD) of cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.) was first discovered in Ghana in 1936 and later in other West African countries such as Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo [ 73 ]. It is also reported in other countries such as Brazil [ 74 ], Indonesia [ 75 ], Sri Lanka [ 76 ], and Trinidad [ 77 , 78 ]. The typical symptom of the disease is a swollen shoot, which may be rounded on the end, and necrosis and death [ 79 ].…”

Section: Emerging Disease Problems In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases Caused by Badnaviruses

2023

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New and emerging plant diseases are caused by different pathogens including viruses that often cause significant crop losses. Badnaviruses are pararetroviruses that contain a single molecule of ds DNA genome of 7 to 9 kb in size and infect a large number of economically important crops such as banana and plantains, black pepper, cacao, citrus, grapevine, pineapple, sugarcane, sweet potato, taro, and yam, causing significant yield losses. Many of the species in the genus have a restricted host range and several of them are known to infect a single crop. Combined infections of different virus species and strains offer conditions that favor the development of new strains via recombination, especially in vegetatively propagated crops. The primary spread of badnaviruses is through vegetative propagating materials while for the secondary spread, they depend on insects such as mealybugs and aphids. Disease emerges as a consequence of the interactions between host and pathogens under favorable environmental conditions. The viral genome of the pararetroviruses is known to be integrated into the chromosome of the host and a few plants with integrants when subjected to different kinds of abiotic stress will give rise to episomal forms of the virus and cause disease. Attempts have been made to develop management strategies for badnaviruses both conventionally and using precision breeding techniques such as genome editing. Until 2016 only 32 badnavirus species infecting different crops were known, but in a span of six years, this number has gone up to 68. The current review highlights the emerging disease problems and management options for badnaviruses infecting economically important crops.

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Section: Emerging Disease Problems In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases Caused by Badnaviruses

2023

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“…The CSSD propagated rapidely to many cocoa producing areas from the outbreaks observed since 2003 at Sinfra and Bouaflé in Côte d'Ivoire where virulent strains were involved (Kouakou, 2011;2012;Aka et al, 2020;Ramos et al, 2021). This situation had certainely a socio-economic impact on small farmers livilhoods witch need to be addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Swollen Shoot Disease on the Livelihoods of Smallholder Cocoa farmers in Côte d'Ivoire

Adopo

Adolphe²,

Tiehi³

et al. 2022

ESJ

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The Cocoa Swollen Shoot Disease (CSSD) due to badnavirus species is endemic in West Africa and caused significant and irreversible economy losses for smallholder cocoa farmers in infected areas in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire. The impact of the disease on the small farmers livelihoods has been investigated at cocoa farm households level in Côte d‘Ivoire. For that, the propensity score matching method was used to construct a counterfactual and to compair group capturing the situation of affected households before the disease occuring on their plantation, based on the observable characteristics of non affected households. A total of 800 cocoa farmers were randomly interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results shown significant differences of expenditures for children's schooling and health of household’s with plantations infected by the disease compared to non affected. It was also found that households with swollen shoot in their cocoa plantation use less modern health services and invest less in children's education.

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“…CSSD propagated rapidly to many cocoa-producing areas from the outbreaks observed since 2003 in Sinfra and Bouaflé, Côte d'Ivoire, where virulent strains were involved (Kouakou, 2011;2012;Aka et al, 2020;Ramos et al, 2021). This situation certainly had a socio-economic impact on smallholder farmers' livelilhoods which needs to be addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Swollen Shoot Disease on the Livelihoods of Smallholder Cocoa Farmers in Côte d'Ivoire

Adopo

Adolphe²,

Tiehi³

et al. 2022

ESJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cocoa Swollen Shoot Disease (CSSD) due to badnavirus species is endemic in West Africa and has been causing significant and irreversible economy losses for smallholder cocoa farmers in infected areas in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire. The impact of the disease on the smallholder farmers’ livelihoods has been investigated at cocoa farm households level in Côte d’Ivoire. To this end, the propensity score matching method was used to construct a counterfactual and to compare groups capturing the situation of affected households before the disease affects their plantations, based on the observable characteristics of non affected households. A total of 800 cocoa farmers were randomly interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The results showed significant differences in expenditures for children's schooling and health between households with plantations infected by the disease and those with non-infected plantations. It was also found that households with swollen shoot in their cocoa plantation used less modern health services and invested less in children's education. The results imply that swollen shoot control policies and strategies should take into account socioeconomic factors.

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Molecular detection of cacao swollen shoot badnavirus species by amplification with four PCR primer pairs, and evidence that Cacao swollen shoot Togo B virus-like isolates are highly prevalent in Côte d’Ivoire

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases Caused by Badnaviruses

Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases Caused by Badnaviruses

Impact of Swollen Shoot Disease on the Livelihoods of Smallholder Cocoa farmers in Côte d'Ivoire

Impact of Swollen Shoot Disease on the Livelihoods of Smallholder Cocoa Farmers in Côte d'Ivoire

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