Molecular detection of Clostridium perfringens toxinotypes, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, rotavirus and coronavirus in diarrheic fecal samples of neonatal goat kids

Abstract

In the present study, out of 1156 neonatal goat kids, 238 showing clinical diarrhea were used for detection of toxinotypes of Clostridium perfringens, enteropathogenic E. coli (ePeC), Group a rotavirus (GarV) and Bovine coronavirus (BCV). Isolation and toxinotyping of isolates were done by multiplex Polymerase chain reaction (PCr) using primers for cpa, cpb, cpb2, etx and iap genes. For EPEC, isolation and identification were done using bfpa gene and SYBr green based real time PCr (qPCr). GarV and BCV were detected, by onestep rt-PCr (osrt-PCr). the incidence of C. perfringens was 15.13% with 75% isolates toxinotype a, 25% type D and 61.11% of isolates carrying the β2-toxin gene. The incidence of EPEC was 68.07% based on qPCr, whereas 21.85% were positive for GarV and 15.97% for BCV by osrt-PCr. there was mixed infection of C. perfringens and ePeC in 11.76% and 3.78% for C. perfringens and GarV and 2.1% of C. perfringens and BCV. ePeC and GarV was 19.74% and ePeC plus BCV positivity was 11.34%. GarV and BCV was 5.88%, and 4.20% had mixed infection of ePeC, GarV and BCV. Of the total diarrheic kids sampled, 0.84% had mixed infection of C. perfringens, GARV, BCV and EPEC. On the basis of the above findings, it may be concluded that isolation, multiplex PCr and real time PCr facilitated the characterization of circulating C. perfringens toxinotypes and ePeC in goats reared under semi-arid conditions. the importance of enteritis caused by GarV and BCV and their role in mixed infection in goats requires extensive screening and pathogenicity studies to associate the symptoms with disease.

Bacteriophages: A Possible Solution to Combat Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ( EPEC) Infections in Neonatal goats

“…The prevalence of high morbidity and mortality among neonatal goats in the developing nations is associated with Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infections ( (Singh et al 2018), which leads to severe, acute diarrhoea coupled with severe dehydration, extreme acid-base and electrolyte imbalance, and mild diarrhoea mortality without systemic disease, often in less than 12 hours (Gruenberg 2014). The present study explores the prevalence of enteric diseases in neonatal goats and their detection via different molecular techniques.…”

“…The present study explores the prevalence of enteric diseases in neonatal goats and their detection via different molecular techniques. Neonatal enteritis is caused by various etiological agents, with the incidence of mixed infections complementing each other and amplifying the condition due to immunity imbalance (Singh et al 2018). EPEC is a bacterium with many serotypes of which only some are pathogenic, causing diarrhoea and septicaemia, which results in the death of goat kids if left untreated.…”

Literature Review: Coinfection in Young Ruminant Livestock—Cryptosporidium spp. and Its Companions

“…Both types are able to express beta toxin, which is susceptible to proteolytic destruction by trypsin; therefore, neonatal ruminants are generally at higher risk of disease [172,173,185]. While C. perfringens type D infection causes enterotoxemia in small ruminants of all ages, clinical enteritis is rare in calves and lambs, but consistently found in goats [173,187,188]. The occurrence of C. perfringens type E is rarely described in neonatal calves, but the infection seems not to be uncommon and is able to cause hemorrhagic enteritis and sudden death [185,189,190].…”

Les coronaviroses des petits ruminants

“…La prévalence varie selon la méthode de détection utilisée (isolement viral sur fèces ou sérologie), le type et l'âge des ovins prélevés (de l'agneau après la naissance jusqu'au mouton adulte), le nombre d'animaux prélevés, l'existence ou non de troubles digestifs (diarrhées) lors des prélèvements. (Singh et al 2018) avec dans l'ordre de prévalence : les colibacilles entéropathogènes (EPEC : 11,34 %), les rotavirus du groupe A (GARV : 5,88 %), l'association EPEC + GARV (4,20 %), Clostridium perfringens (2,1 %).…”

“…Singh et al 2018 en Inde chez 238 chevreaux diarrhéiques de moins de 3 mois) ; 16,2 % d'isolement(Shabana et al 2017 en Arabie Saoudite chez 117 caprins avec diarrhées de moins de 3 ans) ; 41,12 % de séroprévalence (Gumusova et al 2007 en Turquie chez 107 chèvres de plus d'un an) ; 43,1 % de séropositivité (Burimuah et al 2019 au Ghana chez 66 chèvres malades de plus de 6 mois). Shabana et al (2017) mettent en évidence un effet âge comme pour les ovins : les caprins de moins d'un an étaient plus atteints (6,8 %) que ceux d'un à deux ans ( 4,3%) et ceux de deux à trois ans (5,1 %).…”