Molecular detection of different types of non-polio enteroviruses in acute flaccid paralysis cases and healthy children, a pilot study

Mehrabi, Zahra; Shahmahmoodi, Shohreh; Eshraghian, Mohammad Reza; Tabatabaie, Hamideh; Yousefi, Maryam; Mollaie, Yaghoob; Eshkiki, Zahra Shokati; Azad, Talat Mokhtari; Nategh, R

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2010.10.006

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In addition to PV, other viruses, such as West Nile virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and non-PV HEV, may be implicated in acute flaccid paralysis (30,33,37,54,66). As this study was performed retrospectively, it was not possible to establish a causal link between the clinical symptoms and the presence of an HEV strain in the stools of the children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Molecular Characterization of Human Enteroviruses in the Central African Republic: Uncovering Wide Diversity and Identification of a New Human Enterovirus A71 Genogroup

et al. 2012

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dHuman enteroviruses (HEV) are among the most common viruses infecting humans. Their circulation has been widely studied in most parts of the world but not in sub-Saharan Africa, where poliomyelitis remains prevalent. We report here the molecular characterization of 98 nonpoliovirus (non-PV) HEV strains isolated from 93 randomly selected cell culture-positive supernatants from stool samples collected from 1997 through 2006 from children with acute flaccid paralysis living in the Central African Republic (CAR). The isolates were typed by sequencing the VP1 coding region and sequenced further in the VP2 coding region, and phylogenetic studies were carried out. Among the 98 VP1 sequences, 3, 74, 18, and 3 were found to belong to the HEV-A, -B, -C, and -D species, respectively. Overall, 42 types were detected. In most cases, the VP2 type was correlated with that of the VP1 region. Some of the isolates belonged to lineages that also contain viruses isolated in distant countries, while others belonged to lineages containing viruses isolated only in Africa. In particular, one isolate (type EV-A71) did not fall into any of the genogroups already described, indicating the existence of a previously unknown genogroup for this type. These results illustrate the considerable diversity of HEV isolates from the stools of paralyzed children in the CAR. The presence of diverse HEV-C types makes recombination between poliovirus and other HEV-C species possible and could promote the emergence of recombinant vaccine-derived polioviruses similar to those that have been implicated in repeated poliomyelitis outbreaks in several developing countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Molecular Characterization of Human Enteroviruses in the Central African Republic: Uncovering Wide Diversity and Identification of a New Human Enterovirus A71 Genogroup

et al. 2012

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“…Australia showed that 15% of AFP in 1963 caused by NPEVs. Nigeria has also reported that 14.6% of AFP during 2002-2003 was caused by NPEV (Mehrabi et al, 2011). Reports of NPEV isolation rate among AFP cases in Asian countries varied from below 10% in Malaysia and the Philippines (Apostol et al, 2012), to as high as 30% in India from 2007 to 2009 (Kapoor et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Enteroviruses Isolated from Acute Flaccid Paralysis Cases in Poland, 1999–2014

Wieczorek

Krzysztoszek

2016

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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Enteroviruses (EVs) are among viral pathogens that can cause acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). This study represents an overview of EVs isolated through AFP surveillance in Poland between 1999 and 2014. The presence of enteroviruses was studied in stool samples that were collected from 747 AFP cases and their asymptomatic contacts. Fifty five (6.12%) cases of AFP were associated with enterovirus isolation. Out of the 55 positive cases, 40 were associated with detection of enterovirus in patient, and 15 with detection of EV in healthy contact, without positive detection in paralytic patient. Polioviruses were isolated from 35 AFP cases. The results of this study showed that about 43.6% of positive AFP cases were found in association with the isolation of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEV). A total of 12 different types of the species B were detected (CVA9, CVB1, CVB3, CVB4, CVB5, E3, E4, E9, E11, E13, E30), and one additional isolate represented the species enterovirus A (EV71). Among the 12 serotypes of species B, CVB3 and CVB5 were more frequently detected than others, representing 40% of the characterized isolates, followed by CVB4 (16%), E4 (8%), and E11(8%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strains from Poland had the closest genetic relationship with isolates previously identified in Europe (France, Finland, Denmark, Moldova) but also in other parts of the world (Tunisia, China, USA), suggesting wide distribution of these lineages. The paper provides information about NPEV circulation in Poland in the past 16 years, about its association with the AFP and it indicates the need for monitoring NPEV circulation even after the eradication of poliomyelitis.

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“…14 Poliovirus was eliminated from South Africa in 1989 and thus the investigation of AFP cases remains essential because other non-polio EV may be causative organisms. 16,17 The circulation and changes in predominance of EV serotypes are complex, and surveillance programmes may aid in tracking and identifying EV serotypes. 18 Two routine surveillance systems in South Africa -the AFP surveillance network and the Rotavirus Sentinel Surveillance Programme (RSSP)provide potential specimens to investigate circulating EV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of non-polio enteroviruses identified in two national surveillance programmes in South Africa

Howard

Savulescu²,

Berrie

et al. 2020

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background: Human enteroviruses (EV) consist of 106 serotypes and four species: EV-A, EV-B, EV-C and EV-D. Enteroviruses cause clinical symptoms varying from severe to mild. Knowledge of EV burden in South Africa is limited, and as non-polio EV are important causes of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and meningitis, information on the circulating serotypes is vital.Methods: Between 2010 and 2012, a total of 832 stool and viral isolate specimens were obtained from two national surveillance programmes at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases: the Rotavirus Sentinel Surveillance Programme (RSSP) and the AFP surveillance programme. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing were performed to detect and serotype EV.Results: Non-polio EV were detected in 446 specimens, of which 308 were sequenced. Stool specimens yielded a greater variety of serotypes than viral cultures. EV-B viruses were predominant (58.44%), whilst EV-C viruses were detected in 31% of the specimens tested. South African prevalence for these viruses was higher than other countries, such as France with less than 2%, and Spain and the United States with less than 10%. The most common serotype detected was Enterovirus 99 (EV-C, 8.63%), which has not been reported in other regions. Conclusion:Direct sequencing from stool specimens yields a broader, more comprehensive description of EV infections compared to sequencing from viral cultures. Disease-associated serotypes were detected, but only in small numbers. This study provides a baseline for EV strain circulation; however, surveillance needs to be expanded to improve EV knowledge in South Africa.

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Molecular detection of different types of non-polio enteroviruses in acute flaccid paralysis cases and healthy children, a pilot study

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Molecular Characterization of Human Enteroviruses in the Central African Republic: Uncovering Wide Diversity and Identification of a New Human Enterovirus A71 Genogroup

Molecular Characterization of Human Enteroviruses in the Central African Republic: Uncovering Wide Diversity and Identification of a New Human Enterovirus A71 Genogroup

Molecular Characterization of Enteroviruses Isolated from Acute Flaccid Paralysis Cases in Poland, 1999–2014

Description of non-polio enteroviruses identified in two national surveillance programmes in South Africa

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