Molecular detection of Extended-Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and biofilm formation in uropathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae in Iran

Abstract

Background: Uropathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the well-kown uropathogens that have the main rule in biofilm formation. Increased prevalence of ESBL enzyme is one of the therapeutic problems. However, the aims of this study were to characterize the ability of biofilm formation and ESBL-producing isolates produced by urinary tract infection’s K. pneumoniae to identify the prevalence of this type of infection in the studied area. Methods: Between the 500 nonrepetitive clinical isolates, 128 isolates were detected as K. pneumoniae . Biofilm production of these isolates was showed by Merrit and Christensen method. The standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The phenotype ESBL was confirmed by double disc synergy test (DDST). Genotypic identification of ESBLs did by molecular detection. The statistical analysis was done using software IBM SPSS Statistics (SPSS Inc) and chi-square and Fisher exact tests. Results: The result of microtiter plate was observed and it was found that 86 (67.2%) isolates had weak biofilm, 24 (18.8%) moderate biofilm, and 18 (14.1%) strong biofilm. Also, 57 (44.5%) out of 128 isolates were diagnosed as MDR. The highest frequency of resistance was identified for cefotaxime 60 (46.9%) and tetracycline 60 (46.9%), and the lowest rate was for amikacin 16 (12.5%). The results of DDST showed 55 of 128 (43%) produced ESBL enzymes. PCR detection in ESBL-producing isolates showed contained bla TEM 33 of 55(63.1%), and bla VEB 13 of 55 (23% ). Also, 1 of 55 (2%) had both bla TEM and bla VEB . Also, 5 of 13 (38.4%) isolates that had the bla VEB gene were also MDR and had weak biofilm (8/13; 61.5%), intermediate biofilm (3/13; 23%), and strong biofilm (2/13; 15.4%). Conclusion: To decrease treatment complications and mortality rate of drug-resistant bacterial infections, rapid detection of β-lactamases genes and evaluation of these properties and infection management programs can help to prevent the transmission of drug resistant-strains.

Molecular Epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase and AmpC Producing Enterobacteriaceae among Sepsis Patients in Ethiopia: A Prospective Multicenter Study

“…Enterobacteriaceae acquire and disseminate these ESBL-encoding genes horizontally, mainly through plasmids [ 7 ]. In addition to Escherichia coli , various species of Klebsiella , Enterobacter , Serratia and Salmonella are major ESBL producers in the family Enterobacteriaceae [ 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

“…Generally, all beta-lactamase variants are classified into four classes, A (serine penicillinases), B (metallo-beta-lactamases), C (cephalosporinases) and D (oxacillinases), which give resistance to penicillins, most β-lactams, cephalosporins and cloxacillin, respectively [ 11 ]. Some key families of ESBL-encoding genes, such as bla CTX-M , bla TEM and bla SHV are grouped in class A [ 8 , 12 , 13 ]. The bla CTX-M family, that spread rapidly during the last decade, originated from environmental bacteria and its variants have developed due to point mutations [ 14 ].…”

“…The bla CTX-M family, that spread rapidly during the last decade, originated from environmental bacteria and its variants have developed due to point mutations [ 14 ]. All bla CTX-M variants are ESBL genes [ 8 , 13 ] in which bla CTX-M-15 is presently the most prevalent [ 10 ]. Other ESBL genes include bla OXA , bla VEB , bla VER and bla GES [ 7 , 8 , 13 ].…”

“…All bla CTX-M variants are ESBL genes [ 8 , 13 ] in which bla CTX-M-15 is presently the most prevalent [ 10 ]. Other ESBL genes include bla OXA , bla VEB , bla VER and bla GES [ 7 , 8 , 13 ]. The co-presence of ESBL genes in the same species is a significant threat of transfer to other species [ 11 ].…”

Aspergillus oryzae attenuates quorum sensing -associated virulence factors and biofilm formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae extended-spectrum beta-lactamases

“…1 KP-ESBL can hydrolyze beta-lactam antibiotics in addition to producing biofilms that hinder medications from penetrating cells. 2 Biofilms comprise an extracellular matrix (polysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular doxyribonucleic acid [DNA]) that acts as a strong barrier for bacteria and makes them more resilient to environmental stress than planktonic cells. 3 Additionally, biofilms aid KP-ESBL in spreading the infection and provide an environment that fosters the development of antibiotic resistance.…”