Molecular detection of feline hemoplasmas and retroviruses in free-roaming and shelter cats within a university campus

Abstract

Objectives The aim of the present study was to assess the frequency of hemoplasma, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infections in cats living in an on-campus shelter and free-roaming cats within a university campus in Brazil. Methods Blood samples were tested using quantitative PCR for hemoplasma, FIV and FeLV. Positive hemoplasma samples were sequenced. Associations between hemoplasma detection and living situation, sex, flea and/or tick parasitism, and coinfection with FIV and FeLV, were assessed using Fisher’s exact test and the respective odds ratios were calculated. Results Overall, 6/45 (13.3%) cats tested positive: four (8.9%) were infected with ‘ Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’ and two (4.4%) with Mycoplasma haemofelis. All positive samples were from free-roaming cats (6/15; 40.0%) and had statistically significantly lower packed cell volumes ( P = 0.037). Although 5/23 (21.7%) males and 1/22 (4.6%) females were positive, no statistically significant association between sex and hemoplasma infection was found ( P = 0.19). Viral quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed on 43/45 samples, among which 2/43 (4.7%) were positive for FIV and none for FeLV. Only one cat (2.3%) was coinfected with hemoplasma and FIV ( P = 0.26). In addition, 4/6 (66.7%) cats that tested positive for hemoplasmas were infested by fleas ( P = 0.0014) and/or ticks ( P = 0.25). Conclusions and relevance These results show that even if the free-roaming cat population is clinically healthy and has adequate access to food, it may present flea infestation and hemoplasma infection with lower packed cell volume values.

A case of mistaken identity: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and reinvestigation of hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. infection in Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea)

“…Map was created utilizing mapchart.net. Prevalence is derived from the following manuscripts: Albania [ 48 ], Australia [ 22 , 49 ], Brazil [ 40 , 50 – 55 ], Canada (British Columbia [ 56 ], Ontario [ 18 ], Saskatchewan [ 57 ], Prince Edward Island [ 58 ]), Chile [ 59 ], China [ 60 ], Cyprus [ 61 ], Denmark [ 62 ], Ecuador [ 63 ], Egypt [ 64 ], Germany [ 17 , 65 ], Greece [ 66 , 67 ], Iran [ 68 ], Ireland [ 69 ], Italy [ 25 , 45 , 70 – 72 ], Kenya [ 29 ] Japan [ 46 , 73 , 74 ], New Zealand [ 75 ], Portugal [ 32 , 76 ], Qatar [ 77 ], Romania [ 78 ], Russia [ 79 ], Saudi Arabia [ 80 ], South Africa [ 81 ], South Korea [ 82 ], Spain [ 40 , 83 , 84 ], Switzerland [ 19 ], Tanzania [ 28 ], Thailand [ 28 , 85 – 87 ], Turkey [ 88 , 89 ], Trinidad and Tobago [ 90 ], England [ 91 ], USA (Arizona [ 92 ], California, Colorado, and Florida [ 93 ], Louisiana [ 94 ], and Virginia and North Carolina [ 23 ]), Scotland [ 95 ], and Singapore […”