Molecular detection of pathogens in ticks and fleas collected from companion dogs and cats in East and Southeast Asia

Nguyen, Viet-Linh; Colella, Vito; Greco, Grazia; Fang, Fang; Nurcahyo, Wisnu; Hadi, Upik Kesumawati; Venturina, Virginia; Tong, Kenneth Boon Yew; Tsai, Yi-Lun; Taweethavonsawat, Piyanan; Tiwananthagorn, Saruda; Tangtrongsup, Sahatchai; Le, Thong Quang; Bui, Khanh Linh; Do, Thom; Watanabe, Malaika; Rani, Puteri Azaziah Megat Abd; Dantas‐Torres, Filipe; Halos, Lénaïg; Beugnet, Frédéric; Otranto, Domenico

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-35352/v2

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the present study, the occurrence and bacterial loads of Bartonella and haemotropic Mycoplasma species in both privately owned cats and dogs and their fleas from several EA and SEA countries were determined. Ctenocephalides felis was the dominant flea species infesting cats (97.85%) and dogs (75%) as already reported worldwide including Asia (Assarasakorn et al, 2012; Calvani et al, 2020; Colella et al, 2020; Nguyen et al, 2020; Rust, 2005; Tsai, Huang, et al, 2011; Wells et al, 2012). Moreover, Ct. orientis , also called the Asian flea, was detected in dogs (23.96%) as already described in Malaysia (Kernif et al, 2012) and Thailand (Changbunjong et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Blood (100 μl) and flea (individual) samples were subjected to the extraction of genomic DNA using protocols previously described (Colella et al, 2020; Nguyen et al, 2020). DNA was eluted in 100 μl of AE buffer and carefully quantified using the fluorometric Qubit® dsDNA HS (High Sensitivity) Assay kit, DNA (10 μl) from each sample was used to run the qPCR/cPCR assays listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Asia is experiencing a rapid increase in the number of dogs and cats kept as family pets. Although these animals provide substantial positive psychological and physiological benefits to their owners (Chongsuvivatwong et al, 2011), companion dogs and cats might act as reservoirs of several zoonotic agents and represent a risk to human health in Asia (Barrs et al, 2010; Colella et al, 2020; Duong et al, 2016; Kosoy & Goodrich, 2019; Nguyen et al, 2020). Moreover, climatic and environmental conditions of East (EA) and Southeast Asia (SEA) countries are suitable for the arthropod proliferation, including fleas that are often involved in the transmission of pathogens of medical and veterinary interest (Chandra et al, 2017; Chomel et al, 1996; Watanabe, 2012; Yuan et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and bacterial loads of Bartonella and haemotropic Mycoplasma species in privately owned cats and dogs and their fleas from East and Southeast Asia

Zarea

Bezerra‐Santos

Nguyen

et al. 2022

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Bartonella spp. and haemoplasmas are pathogens of veterinary and medical interest with ectoparasites mainly involved in their transmission. This study aimed at molecular detection of Bartonella spp. and haemoplasmas in cats (n = 93) and dogs (n = 96), and their related fleas (n = 189) from countries in East and Southeast Asia. Ctenocephalides felis was the dominant flea species infesting both cats (97.85%) and dogs (75%) followed by Ctenocephalides orientis in dogs (18.75%) and rarely in cats (5.2%). Bartonella spp. DNA was only detected in blood samples of flea‐infested cats (21.51%) (p < .0001, OR = 27.70) with Bartonella henselae more frequently detected than Bartonella clarridgeiae in cat hosts (15.05%, 6.45%) and their associated fleas (17.24%, 13.79%). Out of three Bartonella‐positive fleas from dogs, two Ct. orientis fleas carried Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and Bartonella clarridgeiae, while the 3rd flea (Ct. felis) carried Candidatus Bartonella merieuxii. Felines represented a risk factor for Bartonella spp. infections, where fleas collected from cats (32.25%) presented an increased likelihood for Bartonella spp. occurrence (p < .0001, OR = 14.76) than those from dogs (3.13%). Moreover, when analysing infectious status, higher Bartonella spp. DNA loads were detected in fleas from bacteraemic cats compared to those from non‐bacteraemic ones (p < .05). The haemoplasma occurrence was 16.13% (15/93) and 4.17% (4/96) in cat and dog blood samples from different countries (i.e. Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Thailand), with cats more at risk of infection (p < .01, OR = 5.96) than dogs. Unlike Bartonella spp., there was no evidence for flea involvement in the hemoplasmas' transmission cycle, thus supporting the hypothesis of non‐vectorial transmission for these pathogens. In conclusion, client‐owned cats and dogs living in East and Southeast Asia countries are exposed to vector‐borne pathogens with fleas from cats playing a key role in Bartonella spp. transmission, thus posing a high risk of infection for humans sharing the same environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and bacterial loads of Bartonella and haemotropic Mycoplasma species in privately owned cats and dogs and their fleas from East and Southeast Asia

Zarea

Bezerra‐Santos

Nguyen

et al. 2022

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…These infections are spread by blood-feeding arthropods such as ticks, fleas, mosquitoes, and sand flies [31]. Ticks and fleas are the most common arthropods in dog, cat, and human vector-borne diseases [32]. Hepatozoon spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Investigation of Canine Hepatozoonosis in Batman and Van Provinces of Türki̇ye

Oğuz

Değer

El‐Ashram

2022

Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi - C Yaşam Bilimleri Ve Biyoteknoloji

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Canine hepatozoonosis is a tick-borne protozoan disease spread by hard ticks of the Ixodidae family. Although this illness has been seen in numerous locations in Türkiye, its existence in the Batman and Van provinces has yet to be confirmed. The purpose of this research was to look into canine hepatozoonosis in stray dogs from two distinct areas in Türkiye using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Between 2019 and 2021, blood samples were collected from 197 stray dogs in Batman and Van provinces in Türkiye. A unique 486–520 bp segment of the 18S rRNA gene of Hepatozoon spp. was amplified using PCR. According to the PCR findings, none of the 197 stray dogs tested positive for Hepatozoon spp. This research offers epidemiological data on the prevalence of canine hepatozoonosis in Türkiye, which may be useful in future studies with larger sample sizes and dogs of varied origins.

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“…Among the tick-borne pathogens, Babesia spp., E. canis, Hepatozoon spp., A. platys, and Mycoplasma spp. are common vector-borne pathogens that are detected in dogs in Southeast Asia and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Ehrlichia-, Babesia-, and Hepatozoon-infected brown dog ticks in Khon Kaen Province, Northeast Thailand

et al. 2022

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Background and Aim: The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, is the most common tick found on domestic dogs in Southeast Asia, including Thailand. Canine tick-borne pathogens are a public health concern worldwide. Tick-borne diseases are diagnosed by identifying pathogens based on the morphological or molecular analyses of dog blood samples. However, the collection of ticks, a non-invasive procedure, is easier than drawing blood. This study aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of collecting brown dog ticks for the diagnosis of tick-borne diseases and for estimating the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens among companion dogs in Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand. Materials and Methods: Seventy brown dog ticks from 70 companion dogs in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand, were evaluated for molecular evidence of tick-borne pathogens, including Babesia spp., Ehrlichia canis, and Hepatozoon canis. Ticks were collected from dogs at a private animal hospital based on the presence of at least one of the three inclusion criteria: fever, anorexia, or lethargy. Molecular diagnosis was performed using conventional polymerase chain reaction for the detection of pathogens. Results: Of the 70 ticks collected from 70 sick dogs, 55 (78.57%) were positive for tick-borne pathogens. The most common infection was a single infection with H. canis (65.71%) followed by Babesia spp. (31.43%) and E. canis (30.00%). Coinfection was observed in 14 ticks (20.00%), and coinfection with Babesia spp. and E. canis was the most prevalent double infection (n = 6). The prevalence of coinfection was identical for H. canis mixed with Babesia spp. and H. canis mixed with E. canis (n = 4). Conclusion: The present study showed that tick-borne pathogens are highly prevalent among companion dogs in Khon Kaen Province. Therefore, we encourage an increase in tick control or the reduction and prevention of tick-borne diseases in this region. Furthermore, this study revealed that ticks are valuable samples for the molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens.

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Molecular detection of pathogens in ticks and fleas collected from companion dogs and cats in East and Southeast Asia

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Occurrence and bacterial loads of Bartonella and haemotropic Mycoplasma species in privately owned cats and dogs and their fleas from East and Southeast Asia

Occurrence and bacterial loads of Bartonella and haemotropic Mycoplasma species in privately owned cats and dogs and their fleas from East and Southeast Asia

Molecular Investigation of Canine Hepatozoonosis in Batman and Van Provinces of Türki̇ye

Prevalence of Ehrlichia-, Babesia-, and Hepatozoon-infected brown dog ticks in Khon Kaen Province, Northeast Thailand

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