Molecular detection of small ruminant piroplasmosis and first report of Theileria luwenshuni (Apicomplexa: Theileridae) in small ruminants of Pakistan

Nasreen,; Khan, Adil; Niaz, Sadaf; shah, Mir Hassan; Khan, Aisha; Ahmed, Haroon; Khattak, Irfan; Zeb, Jehan; Naeem, Huma; Hassan, Muhammad Adeel; Uluçeşme, Mehmet Can; Özübek, Sezayi; Aktaş, Münir

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107872

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In our study, T. ovis was more prevalent than Theileria spp. which is consistent with previously studies from different parts of the country [38,47] and elsewhere [60]. Theileria annulata is mainly a pathogen of cattle; experimental infections of sheep and goats with T. annulata cause mild symptoms with no development of piroplasm [35].…”

Section: Prevalencesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Interestingly, acaricide application was statistically significant in the case of univariable analysis; however, its effect was non-significant in the multivariable analysis. Similar results were reported by Nasreen et al [38]. Risk factors such as host, age and grazing system were statistically significant for Anaplasma in both multivariable and univariable analysis.…”

Section: Risk Factorssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The study revealed an overall prevalence of 45.1% for both pathogens in small ruminants from northern Pakistan of which 23.3% were Theileria, which is consistent with previous studies (17.4-31.2%) from Bannu, Tank and Dera Ismail Khan districts in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa [58] and elsewhere (17.8 and 17.2% in Turkey and China, respectively) [8,64]. However, some studies reported contrasting prevalences; for example, a study by Nasreen et al [38] in the Dir District, Lower KP showed a prevalence of 53.5%, while Durrani et al [13] reported a prevalence of 35% from Lahore with PCR. Similarly, a lower prevalence (3.47%) was reported in Southern Punjab [17], 6% in Kohat and Peshawar [13], while Saeed et al [49] reported a prevalence of 3% in Kohat and Peshawar.…”

Section: Prevalencesupporting

confidence: 86%

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Molecular prevalence, characterization and associated risk factors of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in small ruminants in Northern Pakistan

et al. 2021

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This study was conducted in four districts (Malakand, Swat, Bajaur and Shangla) of Northern Pakistan to investigate the prevalence, associated risk factors and phylogenetic analyses of Theileria and Anaplasma species in small ruminants. A total of 800 blood samples, 200 from each district, were collected from apparently healthy animals. PCR assays were performed using generic primers for Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. as well as species specific primers for A. ovis and T. ovis. Overall infection prevalence was 361/800 (45.1%). Theileria spp. infection prevalence (187/800, 23.3%) was higher than Anaplasma spp. (174/800, 21.7%). Amplified partial 18S rRNA genes were sequenced and enrolled animals were found to be infected by T. ovis (115/800, 14.3%), and at least two more Theileria species (72/800, 9%) were present (T. lestoquardi and T. annulata). All blood samples that were found to be positive for Anaplasma spp. were also positive for A. ovis. Infection prevalence was higher in sheep (227/361, 28.3%) compared to goats (134/361, 16.6%) (p < 0.005). Univariable analysis of risk factors showed that host, age, grazing system and acaricide treatment were significant determinants (p < 0.05) for both Theileria and Anaplasma infections. Multivariable analysis revealed that host, sex, age, tick infestation and grazing system were significant risk factors (p < 0.005) for both pathogens. Phylogenetic analysis revealed variants among the A. ovis and T. annulata samples analysed, indicating that different genotypes are circulating in the field while T. ovis presented the same genotype for the samples analysed.

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Section: Prevalencesupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Risk Factorssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Prevalencesupporting

confidence: 86%

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Molecular prevalence, characterization and associated risk factors of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in small ruminants in Northern Pakistan

et al. 2021

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“…MK, and Theileria sp. OT1 in sheep and goats [89]. Based on the previous studies, the overall estimated prevalence of theileriosis was 1-22% and 0-72.5% using microscopic and molecular methods, respectively.…”

Section: Theileriosismentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Theileriosis is the most studied TBD of small ruminants in Pakistan, with 20 investigations in vertebrate animals [27,28,30,31,54,57,88,89,107,123,[125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134] and three in ticks [22,27,86] from Punjab (n = 11), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (n = 10), the Islamabad Capital Territory (n = 1) and Balochistan (n = 1) (see Table 5). The most frequently reported Theileria species are T. ovis and T. lestoquardi; whereas, a recent study also reported T. luwenshuni, Theileria sp.…”

Section: Theileriosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens of Small Ruminants in Pakistan

et al. 2020

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Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TTBDis) are a major constraint to the health and production of small ruminants in Pakistan. Despite being the subject of intermittent studies over the past few decades, comprehensive information on the epidemiology and control of TTBDis is lacking. Herein, we have systematically reviewed the current knowledge on TTBDis of small ruminants in Pakistan. Critical appraisal of the selected 71 articles published between 1947 to 2020 revealed that morphological examination had been the most widely used method for the identification of TTBDis in Pakistan. Tick fauna comprise at least 40 species, mainly belonging to Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus. The prevalence of ticks is the highest in summer (June–September) and it is also higher in goats than sheep. Anaplasma, Babesia and Theileria spp. are the major tick-borne pathogens (TBPs), and their prevalence is usually higher in sheep than goats. Spatio-temporal distribution, genetic diversity and control of ticks and TBPs of small ruminants as well as the competence of tick vectors for various TBPs remain to be explored. Therefore, coordinated and focused investigations are required to fill knowledge gaps in these areas to maximise the health, production and welfare of small ruminants and minimise economic losses associated with TTBDis in Pakistan.

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Development of a duplex PCR assay for detecting Theileria luwenshuni and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in sheep and goats

et al. 2021

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Molecular detection of small ruminant piroplasmosis and first report of Theileria luwenshuni (Apicomplexa: Theileridae) in small ruminants of Pakistan

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Molecular prevalence, characterization and associated risk factors of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in small ruminants in Northern Pakistan

Molecular prevalence, characterization and associated risk factors of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in small ruminants in Northern Pakistan

Systematic Review of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens of Small Ruminants in Pakistan

Development of a duplex PCR assay for detecting Theileria luwenshuni and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in sheep and goats

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