Molecular detection of Trypanosoma theileri and a new Trypanocidal drug, a review

Abstract

Introduction. Trypanosoma theileri (T.theileri) is apathogenic, cosmopolitan and commensal protozoa of cattle. Despite apathogenic in healthy, but not in stressed cattle; it's getting recent attention as a tool to tackle pathogenic ones. These days, researchers are giving due attention to study the biology and feasibility of T.theilerito use it as a model candidate for novel drug discovery. In addition, in-silico analysis using common antitrypanosome drug targets couldn't show significant similarity both at DNA and protein level. Nevertheless, homologous sequences have been identified among drug targets for Ornithine decarboxylase. This indicated the possibility to consider T.theileri as a model to search novel drugs once having whole genome sequences. The SDM 79 is an appropriate medium to cultivate at 26 o C, without CO 2 . Gradient PCR amplification has been used to detect using T. theileri. The specific primer (Tth625) which reveals 465 bp amplification product and also the full length 18S ribosomal DNA sequence of T.theileri DNA detectable at 730 base pairs are commonly used. Whole genome and transcriptome analysis can show the phylogenetic relationship between T.theileri and other pathogenic Trypanosomes which can be the basis for novel drugs development. Aim. The purpose of this paper is toreview the nature of Trypanosoma theileri, its molecular identification and also using its apathogenic nature as an opportunity to discover anew Trypanocidal drug.

Cysteine synthase: multiple structures of a key enzyme in cysteine synthesis and a potential drug target for Chagas disease and leishmaniasis

“…L. infantum is primarily transmitted through phlebotomine sandflies (Alten et al, 2016). T. theileri is mainly spread by Tabanidae flies, but also has the potential to be transmitted by dipteran vectors such as mosquitos and sandflies (Fentahun, 2020;Brota ´nkova ´et al, 2022). Due to several factors, including the variety of reservoirs and resistance to insecticides, vector control is insufficient to eradicate these parasites and hence emphasizes the need for affordable and effective drugs (Francis et al, 2021).…”

“…The disease is endemic in most tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and increasingly in the Mediterranean region (Burza et al, 2018). A closely related trypanosomatid, T. theileri, is found globally and is capable of infecting livestock mammals, including sheep and cattle (Fentahun, 2020;Kelly et al, 2017). Pathologies resulting from T. theileri infection have not been well investigated due to their presumed limited economic effects and are not entirely understood, but often occur due to co-infection with bovine leukaemia virus or Theileria orientalis (Brota ´nkova ´et al, 2022;Suganuma et al, 2022).…”

Microscopic study of developmental stages of a Trypanosoma theileri-like trypanosome in axenic culture

“…Not surprisingly, many works have been devoted to the cultivation of the parasites isolated from the blood of the vertebrate host as well as the use of such cultures in various functional studies (Wink, 1979;Townsend et al, 1982;Oyamada et al, 1995;Lee et al, 2013). Recently, T. theileri has been used as a model object for the development of trypanocidal drugs (Fentahun, 2020;Fentahun and Paeshuyse, 2021). At the same time, information on the ultrastructure of these parasites is very scarce and often devoted only to the issue of their interaction with cells in a tissue culture, on which they are grown (Townsend and Duffus, 1982;Griebel et al, 1989;Oyamada et al, 1995;Rodrigues et al, 2003;Lee et al, 2013).…”