Molecular detection, serology, and associated risk factors of newcastle disease in chicken at JUCAVM and seka chokorsa town veterinary clinics,Oromia region, southwestern Ethiopia

Abstract

Newcastle disease is a highly contagious and devastating viral disease of domestic and wild birds. A better knowledge of the disease and the ability to make evidence-based prevention and control methods are very substantial. Therefore the research was planned to determine the molecular and serological detection as well as associated risk factors of Newcastle disease in chickens at JUCAVM and Seka Chokorsa town veterinary clinics. A cross sectional study was conducted from April 2022 to September 2022 on clinically suspected chickens of Newcastle disease virus.Ninety Seven (97) tracheal swabs and 83 cloacal swabs, and from the same chicken 180 sera were also collected. Swabs and sera were tested using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction ( RTPCR) and competitive Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (cELISA) technique respectively. Of the 180 swab samples,14(7.8%) [95%CI=(4.69–12.63)%] of the chicken tested positive by RTPCR.It was performed using a specific primer corresponding to the Fusion (F) gene. The competitive Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (cELISA) result confirmed that 51(28.3%)[95% CI=(22.26–35.32%)]. Binary logistic regression analysis was used for the different risk factors. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) among risk factors of sex ([AOR = 2.1,95% CI(1.3–4.3)] and contact with other flocks[AOR = 7,95% CI(1.9–62)] in the RTPCR test.However,sex[AOR = 2.3,95% CI(1.1–4.8)],age ([AOR = 2.4,95%CI=(1.1-5.0)],contact with other flock[AOR = 2.3,95% CI(1.2–5.8)],contact with wild bird [AOR = 9.7,95% CI(1.2–81)],disposal chicken of carcass[AOR = 9,95% CI(1.1–73)],cleaning house[AOR = 1.3; 95% CI: (1.3–3.4)] and isolation of sick chicken [AOR = 6.5,95% CI(1.4–32)] showed statistically significant on cELISA test.The current study provides important information on the presence of the virus in the study areas. Hence further research should be conducted with a pathotyping of the Newcastle disease virus and awareness of owners on management should be practiced.