Molecular Diagnosis of Microsporidia among Immunocompromised Patients in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Hassan, Nur-Amirah; Lim, Yvonne Ai Lian; Mahmud, Rohela; Mohd-Shaharuddin, Norashikin; Sulaiman, Wan Yusoff Wan; Ngui, Romano

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.17-0901

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a cosmopolitan microsporidian that infects a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, including humans, domestic animals and wild game [1–6]. Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection is associated with enteropathy, resulting in diarrhea, malabsorption and occasionally growth impairment, especially in pediatric and immunocompromised individuals [7–12]. In addition, extra-intestinal microsporidian infections due to E. bieneusi are frequently reported [13–15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in wildlife in Korea: a public health concern

et al. 2019

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Background Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a unicellular microsporidian fungal pathogen that infects a broad range of animal hosts, including wild and domestic animals and humans. The infection burden of this parasite in wild animals in Korea is largely unknown. In this study, the occurrence and genotypes of E. bieneusi were investigated in wild animal populations in Korea. Methods A total of 157 fecal samples (97 from Korean water deer, 48 from raccoon dogs and 12 from other taxa) were collected from wild animals at five wildlife centers in Korea. Genomic DNA was extracted from the samples and screened by nested-PCR targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rRNA, followed by sequence analysis to determine the genotype(s) of E. bieneusi . Results The overall prevalence of E. bieneusi was 45.2% (71/157), with rates of 53.6% (52/97) in Korean water deer, 35.4% (17/48) in raccoon dogs and 16.7% (2/12) in other taxa. We detected seven ITS genotypes, including one known (genotype D) and six new genotypes (Korea-WL1–Korea-WL6). Phylogenetically, all detected genotypes clustered with counterparts belonging to group 1, which includes isolates from different animal hosts and humans, suggesting their zoonotic potential. Conclusions Our survey results indicate that E. bieneusi circulates widely in wild animals in Korea. These findings address the role of wildlife as a potential source of microsporidiosis in domestic animals and humans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in wildlife in Korea: a public health concern

et al. 2019

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“…Microsporidia have been recognized as infectious agents worldwide, with reported cases in developed and developing countries [6,14,15,37,39,48,50,51,70,95]. In Argentina the characteristics of the disease are unknown in terms of prevalence, morbidity and mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimethodological Approach to Gastrointestinal Microsporidiosis in HIV-Infected Patients

et al. 2019

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Purpose Microsporidiosis is an opportunistic infection that produces chronic diarrhoea and cholangiopathy in patients with AIDS, mainly caused by two species of microsporidia, Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozon intestinalis. The aim of this work was to develop an integral system for the diagnosis of microsporidiosis of the intestine and biliary tract in HIVinfected patients, comprising microscopic and molecular techniques. Methods The study population comprised 143 adult patients of both sexes with diagnosis of HIV infection, with chronic diarrhoea, and with or without HIV-associated cholangiopathy. Stool studies for microsporidia identification of spores were performed on each patient. A video esofagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy collection was also carried out for routine histology and semi-thin sections stained with Azure II. Species identification was carried out by transmission electron microscopy and/or polymerase chain reaction for the species E. bieneusi and E. intestinalis. Results Out of the 143 patients a total of 12.6% (n = 18) were infected with microsporidia. Microsporidia species identified in most cases was E. bieneusi (16/18 cases), followed by E. intestinalis (4/18), all of these last ones in coinfection with E. bieneusi. Conclusions Clinical, imaging, microscopic and molecular analyses, when applied in a systematic and integrated approach, allow diagnosis and identification of microsporidia at species level in AIDS patients with chronic diarrhoea, and with or without HIV-associated cholangiopathy.

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Molecular detection of porcine Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection in Peninsular Malaysia and epidemiological risk factors associated with potentially zoonotic genotypes

et al. 2020

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Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an emerging opportunistic pathogen infecting humans, and both domestic and wild pigs are known to harbour zoonotic genotypes. There remains a paucity of information on the prevalence and epidemiology of this enteropathogen in Southeast Asia. The present study was undertaken to determine the molecular prevalence and risk factors associated with E. bieneusi infection among commercially farmed pigs in Malaysia. Faecal samples were collected from 450 pigs from 15 different farms and subjected to nested PCR amplification of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene of E. bieneusi. Phylogenetic analysis involved 28 nucleotide sequences of the ITS region of E. bieneusi. An intervieweradministered questionnaire provided information on the animal hosts, farm management systems and environmental factors and was statistically analysed to determine the risk factors for infection. The prevalence of E. bieneusi infection was relatively high (40.7%). The highest prevalence (51.3%) was recorded among the piglets, while the adults showed the lowest level of infection (31.3%). Multivariate analysis indicated that age of the pigs, distance of the farm from human settlement and farm management system were significant risk factors of infection.Three genotypes (EbpA, EbpC and Henan-III) detected among the pigs are potentially zoonotic. The high prevalence of E. bieneusi among locally reared pigs, the presence of zoonotic genotypes and the spatial distribution of pig farms and human settlements warrant further investigation on the possibility of zoonotic transmission.

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Molecular Diagnosis of Microsporidia among Immunocompromised Patients in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Prevalence and genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in wildlife in Korea: a public health concern

Prevalence and genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in wildlife in Korea: a public health concern

Multimethodological Approach to Gastrointestinal Microsporidiosis in HIV-Infected Patients

Molecular detection of porcine Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection in Peninsular Malaysia and epidemiological risk factors associated with potentially zoonotic genotypes

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