Molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis: recent advances and a look to the future

Robert, M; Brenier-Pinchart, Marie-Pierre; Garnaud, Cécile; Fricker‐Hidalgo, Hélène; Pelloux, H

doi:10.1080/14787210.2021.1941867

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…However, amniocentesis should be performed only after the 18th week of pregnancy, four weeks after the estimated date of infection in a pregnant woman ( 17 ). A negative result does not fully exclude the presence of congenital toxoplasmosis, since negative predictive value is 98,1%; the rare false-negative antenatal diagnoses could be due to delayed transplacental transmission of parasites after amniocentesis or to very low parasite densities in amniotic fluid ( 52 , 53 ). The risk of procedure-related fetal loss (or preterm delivery in more advanced gestation) is estimated to be less than 0.1% ( 54 ).…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Toxoplasmosis In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Toxoplasmosis: The State of the Art

et al. 2022

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Infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii occurs worldwide and usually causes no symptoms. However, a primary infection of pregnant women, may infect the fetus by transplacental transmission. The risk of mother-to-child transmission depends on week of pregnancy at the time of maternal infection: it is low in the first trimester, may reach 90% in the last days of pregnancy. Inversely, however, fetal disease is more severe when infection occurs early in pregnancy than later. Systematic serologic testing in pregnant women who have no antibodies at the beginning of pregnancy, can accurately reveal active maternal infection. Therefore, the risk of fetal infection should be assessed and preventive treatment with spiramycin must be introduced as soon as possible to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission, and the severity of fetal infection. When maternal infection is confirmed, prenatal diagnosis with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) on amniotic fluid is recommended. If fetal infection is certain, the maternal treatment is changed to a combination of pyrimethamine-sulfonamide and folinic acid. Congenitally infected newborns are usually asymptomatic at birth, but at risk for tardive sequelae, such as blindness. When congenital infection is evident, disease include retinochoroiditis, cerebral calcifications, hydrocephalus, neurocognitive impairment. The diagnosis of congenital infection must be confirmed at birth and management, specific therapy, and follow-up with multidisciplinary counseling, must be guaranteed.

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Section: Diagnosis Of Toxoplasmosis In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Toxoplasmosis: The State of the Art

et al. 2022

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“…In the absence of a syndrome-based approach, it remains important to continue the optimization of the preanalytical and analytical steps and to evaluate the performances of the laboratorydeveloped methods and commercialized kits of qPCR assays targeting specifically T. gondii. 8,[10][11][12][13][14][15]18,20,21,28,30 6,7 or two other commercial kits of qPCR which have been previously evaluated. 10,12,13,15 All centers involved in the present study participate to the national external quality assessment on a regular basis with consistent results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis

Brenier-Pinchart

Filisetti

Cassaing

et al. 2022

The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics

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“…The gold standard for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis has been the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for more than two decades 18 . After ultrasoundguided amniocentesis to obtain amniotic fluid samples, they were submitted to DNA extraction with the QIamp DNA mini kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions.…”

Section: Molecular Diagnosis Of Congenital Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii SAG2, SAG3 and GRA6 alleles and single nucleotide polymorphism in congenital infections with known parasite load and clinical outcome

Targa

Santos

Yamamoto

et al. 2023

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Amniotic fluid DNA samples were genotyped by multilocus-nested-PCR-RFLP, but only three of 11 markers amplified 113 of 122 (92.6%) samples, resulting in 12 untyped and 101 partial non-archetypal genotypes. The 101 typed samples were subdivided into four groups: G1 with 73 samples (5'and 3' SAG2 allele I + SAG3 allele III + GRA6 allele III), 53 had parasite load ≤ 10 2 parasites/mL (43 asymptomatic, 10 mild infections), 17 had load > 10 2 and ≤ 10 3 (one mild, 13 moderate and three severe), and three had load > 10 3 parasites/mL (three severe); G2 with 22 samples (5'and 3' SAG2 allele I + SAG3 allele III), all parasite load levels ≤ 10 2 parasites/mL (18 asymptomatic and four mild); G3 with five samples (5' and 3' SAG2 allele I + SAG3 allele II), parasite load ≤ 10 2 parasites/mL (three asymptomatic and two mild); G4 with one sample (5' and 3' SAG2 allele II + SAG3 allele II + GRA6 allele I), a parasite load < 10 2 parasites/mL in an asymptomatic infant. After DNA sequencing, restriction sites confirmed SAG2, SAG3 and GRA6 alleles in 98.7%, 100% and 100% of the cases, respectively, while single nucleotide polymorphisms confirmed 90% of 5'-SAG2 allele I; 98.7% of 3'-SAG2 allele I; 98% of SAG-3 allele III, but only 40% of GRA6 allele III results. For the moment, partial non-archetypal genotypes of parasites did not show any relationship with either parasite load in amniotic fluid samples or clinical outcome of infants at the age of 12 months.

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Molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis: recent advances and a look to the future

Cited by 16 publications

References 149 publications

Congenital Toxoplasmosis: The State of the Art

Congenital Toxoplasmosis: The State of the Art

Molecular Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasma gondii SAG2, SAG3 and GRA6 alleles and single nucleotide polymorphism in congenital infections with known parasite load and clinical outcome

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