Molecular Differentiation of Five Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Genotypes Using Inter-simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Markers

Bertero

J Agronomy Crop Science

2020

Soil salinity has become a serious environmental abiotic stress limiting crop productivity and quality. The root system is the first organ sensing the changes in salinity. Root development under elevated salinity is therefore an important indicator for saline tolerance in plants. Previous studies focused on varietal differences in morphological traits of quinoa under saline stresses; however, variation in root development responses to salinity remains largely unknown. To understand the genetic variation in root development responses to salt stress of quinoa, we conducted a preliminary screening for salinity response at two salinity levels of a diverse set of 52 quinoa genotypes and microsatellite markers were used to link molecular variation to that in root development responses to salt stresses of represented genotypes. The frequency distribution of saline tolerance index showed continuous variation in the quinoa collection. Cluster analysis of salinity responses divided the 52 quinoa genotypes into six major groups. Based on these results, six genotypes representative of groups I to VI including Black quinoa, 2‐Want, Atlas, Riobamba, NL‐6 and Sayaña, respectively, were selected to evaluate root development under four saline stress levels: 0, 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl. Contrasts in root development responses to saline stress levels were observed in the six genotypes. At 100 mM NaCl, significant differences were not observed in root length development (RLD) and root surface development (RSAD) of most genotypes except Black quinoa; a significant reduction was observed in this genotype as compared to controls. At 200 mM NaCl, significant reduction was detected in RLD and RSAD in all genotypes showing this as the best concentration to discriminate among genotypes. The strongest inhibition of root development was found for all genotypes at 300 mM NaCl as compared to lower saline levels. Among genotypes, Atlas of group III shows as a saline‐tolerant genotype confirming previous reports. Variation in root responses to salinity stresses is also discussed in relation to climate conditions of origins of the genotypes and reveal interesting guidelines for further studies exploring the mechanisms behind this aspect of saline adaptation.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Genetic variation in root development responses to salt stresses of quinoa

Bertero

J Agronomy Crop Science

2020

“…The number of alleles and the percentages of polymorphism found in this study are suitable for estimating genetic diversity when compared with other species that used SSR markers [2,47]. Using SSR analysis, we were able to identify two unique alleles associated with wheat genotypes.…”

Section: Similaritymentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The alleles that are present in one accession but not found in the others are termed positive unique markers (PUM), in contrast with the negative unique markers (NUM), which are absent in a specific genotype. These alleles could be used for genotype identification [2,19,20,46,47].…”

Section: Similaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Assessment of Genetic Diversity among Egyptian Landraces of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Using Microsatellite Markers

Al-Naggar

El-Shafi

El-Shal³

et al. 2020

AJBGMB

To increase the genetic progress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield, breeders search for germplasm of high genetic diversity, one of them is the landraces. The present study aimed at evaluating genetic diversity of 20 Egyptian wheat landraces and two cultivars using microsatellite markers (SSRs). Ten SSR markers amplified a total of 27 alleles in the set of 22 wheat accessions, of which 23 alleles (85.2%) were polymorphic. The majority of the markers showed high polymorphism information content (PIC) values (0.67-0.94), indicating the diverse nature of the wheat accessions and/or highly informative SSR markers used in this study. The genotyping data of the SSR markers were used to assess genetic variation in the wheat accessions by dendrogram. The highest genetic distance was found between G21 (Sakha 64; an Egyptian cultivar) and the landrace accession No. 9120 (G11). These two genotypes could be used as parents in a hybridization program followed by selection in the segregating generations, to identify some transgressive segregates of higher grain yield than both parents. The clustering assigned the wheat genotypes into four groups based on SSR markers. The results showed that the studied SSR markers, provided sufficient polymorphism and reproducible fingerprinting profiles for evaluating genetic diversity of wheat landraces. The analyzed wheat landraces showed a good level of genetic diversity at the molecular level. Molecular variation evaluated in this study of wheat landraces can be useful in traditional and molecular breeding programs.

“…Different studies have shown that microsatellite markers have been successful in discriminating related materials, as well as in characterizing germplasm in different plant species (Jarvis et al, 2008;Costa et al, 2012;Fuentes et al, 2012;Suresh et al, 2014). Likewise, the more common sequences in the quinoa genome have been identified as CAA, GA and AT, which have been reported in genetic diversity studies and linkage mapping in quinoa using dominant and codominant markers (Mason et al, 2005;Jarvis et al, 2008;Al-Naggar et al, 2017;Morillo et al, 2017a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Research Article Molecular characterization of intrapopulation genetic diversity in <i>Chenopodium</i> <i>quinoa</i> (Chenopodiaceae)

Morillo¹,

Manjarres²,

Reyes³

et al. 2020

Genet. Mol. Res.

©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 19 (4): gmr18667 A.C. Morillo et al. 2 demonstrating a greater frequency of homozygous individuals. The analysis of genetic diversity showed high genetic differentiation between the individuals in these populations. The analysis of molecular variance showed that 82% of the observed genetic variability in the evaluated quinoa materials was due to components within the groups and that the remaining 18% was attributed to differences between the groups, which indicated that microgeographic studies at the intra-group level are warranted. The results revealed intra-population diversity, which suggests that farmers within their farms should undergo a more rigorous seed selection process.