Molecular diversity assessment of a world collection of safflower genotypes by SRAP and SCoT molecular markers

Abstract

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is considered as an oil crop that is rich in medicinal and industrial properties. In this study, the genetic diversity of safflower was assessed using 12 polymorphic sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAPs) and 11 polymorphic start codon targeted (SCoT) markers in 100 genotypes of safflower gathered from different geographical regions of the world. The 23 primers generated a total of 227 polymorphism fragments with a mean of 68.2% within the range of 3 (SCoT 31 and SCoT 35) to 13 (SCoT 35) bands per primer. Polymorphism per primer ranged between 100% (in Me4-Em1) and 18.1% (in SCoT19), with an average of 36.76%. The polymorphism information contents of the SRAP and SCoT markers were 0.35 and 0.30, respectively, indicating that SRAP markers were more effective than SCoT markers for assessing the degree of genetic diversity of the safflower. The results of the analysis of molecular variance showed a significant difference across cultivated safflower genotypes possessing a high intra-population variation. The examined accessions were categorized into five clusters based on similarity centers: the Middle East containing Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Tajikistan; the Far East, including India, Pakistan, and Korea; Europe; the American continent; and Africa, including Egypt, Sudan and Libya. The present study shows the effectiveness of employing the mixture of SRAP and SCoT markers in the identification of safflower genetic diversity that would be useful for conservation and population genetics of safflower improvement in further studies.

Genetic diversity and population structure analysis in a large collection of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) germplasm worldwide

“…Moreover, high values of the genetic mixture were also confirmed by STRUCTURE analysis. It is largely due to the outcrossing and self-incompatibility of plant species ( Khan et al, 2009 ), human seed transplantation ( Daday, 1958 ; Wang et al, 2009 ), different biological dispersal patterns and evolutionary forces ( Chapman et al, 2010 ) and random dispersal in a region ( Golkar & Mokhtari, 2018 ). The given genetic admixture of white clover may result from a complicated hybrid ancestry, and the high rate of outcrossing could result in genetic admixture from adjacent regions ( Griffiths et al, 2019 ).…”

Genomic prediction and genomic heritability of grain yield and its related traits in a safflower genebank collection

“…Although safflower is grown world‐wide, as a minor crop, limited genomic and genetic resources have been developed (Golkar & Mokhtari, 2018). The genome‐wide SNPs generated in our study with the GBS platform are important genetic resources for safflower research.…”

SCoT Markers Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Polygonatum, A Medicinal and Edible Plant

“…PCoA analysis and population structure analysis also proved this result. Most studies using SCoT markers have used similar methods and have similar results (Golkar and Mokhtari 2018;Xu et al 2019). When the similarity coe cient is 0.606, the two populations can be divided into four subgroups.…”

“…Start codon targeted (SCoT) marker is designed by Collard and Mackill based on the short conserved sequences anking the start codon (ATG) in plant genes (Collard and Mackill 2008). SCoT markers are related to functional genes, easy to operate, universal primers, higher annealing temperature (50°C), longer primers (18-mer), higher polymorphism and distinguishability (Golkar and Mokhtari 2018;Jalilian et al 2018;Safari et al 2019;Xiong et al 2011;Yang et al 2019). SCoT markers have been successfully applied to research on genetic diversity of a variety of crops, owers, etc.…”