Molecular diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus in uruguay

Abstract

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) affects bovine production and reproduction causing significant economic losses all over the world. Two viral species has been recognized: BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, both distributed worldwide. Recently, novel specie of BVDV named HoBi-like pestivirus was discovered. The presence of BVDV was confirmed in 1996 in Uruguay, however, does not exist until today a schedule of compulsory vaccination along the country. Serological studies with samples from all Uruguayan herds were performed during 2000 and 2001 demonstrating that all of them were seropositive to BVDV with a mean prevalence of 69%. In addition, there have been no new studies done since those previously described and it is important to mention that the genetic diversity of BVD has never been described in Uruguay. Nowadays, there is strongly suspect that BVDV is one of the most important causes of reproductive failures in our herds. The aim of this study was to describe for the first time in Uruguay the genetic diversity of BVDV with samples collected from different regions along the country. Serological status of 390 non-vaccinated animals against BVDV with reproductive problems from farms of Rivera, Tacuarembó and Florida departments of Uruguay were studied. All herds were seropositive to BVDV and high proportion of animals were positive (298/390), while 4.1% (16/390) of the animals were positive to Antigen Capture ELISA test and Real Time PCR. Phylogenetic analysis performed with concatenated sequences from the 5'UTR and Npro genomic regions revealed that BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 are infecting our herds, being BVDV-1 the most frequently found. The major subtype was BVDV-1a, followed by BVDV-1i and BVDV-2b. This is the first study that describes the genetic diversity of BVDV in Uruguay and it will contribute to the elaboration of sanitization programs.

Variability and Global Distribution of Subgenotypes of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

“…: Genotyping was not performed. References (I): [48,49,50,51,52]; (II): [7,43,49,52,53,54,55,56,57,58]; (III): [59,60]; (IV): [39,44,49,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70]; (V): [49,71]; (VI): [72]. In [57] the year of virus isolation was not displayed in the study.…”

HoBi-like is the most prevalent ruminant pestivirus in Northeastern Brazil

“…Understanding the genetic diversity of pestiviruses in a country is essential to the development of regional control programmes (Dubovi, ; Fulton, ). Thus far, BVDV‐1 is the most prevalent pestivirus species identified worldwide; however, the proportion of bovine pestivirus species varies by geographic region (Abe et al., ; Booth et al., ; Giammarioli, Ceglie et al ., ; Jones, Zandomeni, & Weber, ; Maya et al., ; Nagai et al., ; Weber et al., ; Workman et al., ). Brazil has several distinct geographic regions and a large agroindustry based on cattle production (IBGE, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, ; USDA – FAS, United States Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, ).…”

Diseases associated with bovine viral diarrhea virus subtypes 1a and 2b in beef and dairy cattle in Uruguay

“…As viruses with worldwide distribution [9], BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 have been recognized for many years in South American countries, including Brazil [14], Argentina [15], Colombia [16], Peru, Chile [17], and Uruguay [18], while the Pestivirus HoBi-like virus has currently only been identified in Argentina [19] and Brazil [20] on this subcontinent. In Uruguay, the first evidence of BVDV circulation dates from 1996 [21].…”

“…A serological study revealed that BVDV exposure is widespread in beef cattle throughout Uruguay [22]. More recently, active BVDV infections and circulating species and subtypes were explored in cattle herds with reproductive problems, and BVDV-1a was revealed as the predominant species/ subtype, followed by BVDV-1i and BVDV-2b [18].…”