“…Because of this, it is important to use a theoretical approach, the main tool of which is mathematical modeling. At present, two classes of models are most common: continuum, describing phenomena at the macrolevel [26][27][28][29][30] and atomistic, giving an idea of the phenomenon at the microlevel [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Recently, hybrid continuum-atomistic models have been developed [39,40], which combine the advantages of continuum models, which make it possible to model electronic excitation under the action of ultrashort laser radiation, and atomistic models, which allow tracking the motion of each molecule or atom, modeling detailed ablation and phase transitions after target irradiation with ultrashort laser radiation impulses.…”