“…Molecular dynamics (MD) is a powerful tool that can be incorporated as a pseudo-experimental tool to address the size effect during the nanoindentation. In the case of crystalline metals, many different aspects of nanoindentation experiment, such as initial dislocation nucleation and evolution pattern [79,81,83], the effect of surface step [80], effects of GB [84,88,126,127], the effect of film thickness [128], the effect of substrate [129], the effect of residual stress [130], the effect of boundary conditions [85] and size effects during nanoindentation [86,87] have been investigated using MD. Szlufarska [131] summarized the advances in atomistic modelling of the nanoindentation experiment.…”