Molecular dynamics investigations of surface damage produced by kiloelectronvolt self-bombardment of solids

Ghaly, Mai; Nordlund, K.; Averback, Robert S

doi:10.1080/01418619908210332

Cited by 302 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Similar effects have been previously reported to occur in connection with cratering by single atoms and atom clusters and were found to be in good agreement with experiments. 16,17,21,22,48,49 However, single Cu atoms at similar energies have not been previously reported to produce such complex crater features with an appreciable probability, 36 and thus in the current case the effects are associated with the overlap of several heat spikes ͑see also analysis of fluence dependence below͒.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,21 The adaptive time step algorithm previously used in our group 38 was for the current paper augmented to ensure that there are always at least 3 time steps simulated between the impact of each new ion. To fully contain the heat spikes, we used system sizes of up to 20 million atoms.…”

Section: B Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21,[34][35][36] The ion flux was modeled selecting the impact times randomly in the Poisson distribution 37 such that the average flux corresponded to the one simulated with PIC. The energies were generated in a random distribution corresponding exactly to that obtained from the PIC simulations and the impact positions on the surface were generated randomly within a circle of radius r =3-25 nm.…”

Section: B Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17][18][19][20] The single-atom cratering, by contrast, is now well established to be caused by liquid flow, associated with the formation of a "heat spike," i.e., hot pressurized matter formed after high-energy incoming ions are thermalized in a sequence of ballistic collisions. 15,16,21,22 Although both the macroscopic and atom-induced craters bear a clear visual resemblance to the craters produced by arcing, the possible relation between arc and impact cratering mechanisms has not been established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanism of surface modification in the plasma-surface interaction in electrical arcs

et al. 2010

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Electrical sparks and arcs are plasma discharges that carry large currents and can strongly modify surfaces. This damage usually comes in the form of micrometer-sized craters and frozen-in liquid on the surface. Using a combination of experiments, plasma and atomistic simulation tools, we now show that the observed formation of deep craters and liquidlike features during sparking in vacuum is explained by the impacts of energetic ions, accelerated under the given conditions in the plasma sheath to kiloelectron volt energies, on surfaces. The flux in arcs is so high that in combination with kiloelectron volt energies it produces multiple overlapping heat spikes, which can lead to cratering even in materials such as Cu, where a single heat spike normally does not.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanism of surface modification in the plasma-surface interaction in electrical arcs

et al. 2010

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“…Similar deviations between simulation and experiment are known from previous work. 29,[43][44][45] The origin of this quantitative discrepancy should mainly be attributed to an incomplete knowledge of the interatomic interaction potential of Pt. Interatomic potentials are usually fitted to the bulk properties of the material; this also applies to the Pt potential used here; they describe surface properties less reliably.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Step-edge sputtering through grazing incidence ions investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations

et al. 2008

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Scanning tunneling microscopy is used to quantify step-edge sputtering of Pt͑111͒ at 550 K by grazing incidence ion bombardment with 5 keV Ar + ions. For bombardment conditions causing negligible erosion on terraces, damage features associated with step bombardment allow us to visualize step retraction and thus to quantify the step-edge sputtering yield. An alternative method for step-edge yield determination, which is applicable under more general conditions, is the analysis of the concentration of ascending steps together with the removed amount as a function of ion fluence. Interestingly, the azimuthal direction of the impinging ions with respect to the surface significantly changes the sputtering yield at step edges. This change is attributed to the orientation dependence of subsurface channeling. Atomistic insight into step-edge sputtering and its azimuthal dependence is given by molecular dynamics simulations of ion impacts at 0 and 550 K. The simulations also demonstrate a strong dependence of the step-edge sputtering yield on temperature.

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Atomistic Simulation of the Explosion Welding Process

2012

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Explosive welding (EXW) is an industrial process used to join metals together. [1,2] It is a well established method and has been in use for several decades. In the process, welding occurs in a high velocity collision between metal plates, achieved by using chemical explosives. Figure 1(a) shows the schematic arrangement of the plates in EXW. The clad layer is covered with explosive which is ignited from a point or an edge. The detonation front imposes a momentum to the clad layer which-after plastic deformation-collides with the fixed base metal. The most important process parameters are the cladding plate collision velocity v p , and the collision angle b. These are controlled by adjusting the amount and quality of the explosive and the stand-off distance y 0 . In the EXW processes used in the industry the collision velocity is typically of the order of kilometer per second. Clad layer thicknesses t can be up to centimeters and the total area of welded surface can be several square meters.The advantages of EXW include that it is a ''cold welding'' process and thus free of some of the mechanical and thermodynamic limitations of traditional welding, that it can be used to join almost any pair of metals, including those not weldable by conventional methods, and that it produces a very strong bond, that is often stronger than the weaker of the materials. The joined parts need not be specifically melted for the bonding to take place. This minimizes the formation of intermetallic-often brittle-phases near the interface. EXW is particularly suitable for structures used in harsh environ-ments: high temperatures and pressures, corrosive environments, etc.

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Molecular dynamics investigations of surface damage produced by kiloelectronvolt self-bombardment of solids

Cited by 302 publications

References 37 publications

Mechanism of surface modification in the plasma-surface interaction in electrical arcs

Mechanism of surface modification in the plasma-surface interaction in electrical arcs

Step-edge sputtering through grazing incidence ions investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations

Atomistic Simulation of the Explosion Welding Process

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