Molecular dynamics of fibric acids

Abstract

1H- and 13C-NMR chemical shifts were measured for four fibric acids (bezafibrate, clofibric acid, fenofibric acid, and gemfibrozil), which are lipid-lowering drugs. Correlation is found with DFT-computed chemical shifts from the conformational analysis. Equilibrium populations of optimized conformers at 298 K are very different when based on computed Gibbs energies rather than on potential energies. This is due to the significant entropic advantages of extended rather than bent conformational shapes. Abundant conformers with intramolecular hydrogen bonding via five-member rings are computed for three fibric acids, but not gemfibrozil, which lacks suitable connectivity of carboxyl and phenoxy groups. Trends in computed atom-positional deviations, molecular volumes, surface areas, and dipole moments among the fibric acids and their constituent conformations indicate that bezafibrate has the greatest hydrophilicity and fenofibric acid has the greatest flexibility. Theoretical and experimental comparison of chemical shifts of standards with sufficient overlap of fragments containing common atoms, groups, and connectivity may provide a reliable minimal set to benchmark and generate leads.

Classical and Novel Lipid-Lowering Therapies for Diabetic Patients with Established Coronary Artery Disease or High Risk of Coronary Artery Disease—A Narrative Clinical Review

“…Before the widespread adoption of statins, fibrates were considered as a first-line hypolipidemic choice. There are in-class differences regarding their effects on triglyceride levels, as studies indicate that fenofibrate has a stronger effect in comparison to gemfibrozil [71,72]. The absence of class effects should be taken into consideration in clinical practice.…”

Cation Adaptive Structures Based on Manganese Cyanide Prussian Blue Analogues: Application of Powder Diffraction Data to Solve Complex, Unprecedented Stoichiometries and New Structure Types

“…Instead the remaining two sites are pentacoordinate -one a trigonal bipyramid (D 3h ) and the other a square pyramid (C 4v ). Both of these coordination geometries are rare for percyanometallates, and are the first examples for Mn, although [M II (CN) 5 ] 3À (M=Cr, [24] Ni [61] ) have been reported. All cyanides bridge two Mn II sites, and A 3 Mn II 5 (CN) 13 forms a layered structure comprising three-and five-membered rings in the basal plane, Figure 14 (and the frontispiece).…”