With
the gradual improvement in coal mine mechanization and automation,
the dust concentration at production sites is increasing significantly
as the production efficiency improves, which not only poses a substantial
threat to the occupational safety and health of workers but also affects
the safe production and social stability of mines. At present, wet
dust removal is the most economical and effective technical dust removal
measure. However, most coal seams in China have poor wettability,
unclear microscopic wetting mechanisms, and poor dust removal effects.
Therefore, based on experiments and numerical analysis, this paper
qualitatively studies the influencing factors of surfactants on coal
wettability and quantitatively constructs an innovative evaluation
model of the influence of the microstructure of coal and surfactants
on wettability. First, based on 13C NMR experiments, the
structural parameters of coal and several surfactants were obtained.
Second, the wettability relationship between the coal and the surfactants
was determined by optical titration, and the key factors affecting
the wettability of coal dust and the wettability of the surfactants
were selected. Then, using numerical analysis and function fitting
analysis and combining the structural parameters with the coal wetting
results, the relationship between the microstructure of the surfactants
on different kinds of coal and the wettability of the coal samples
was established. The results show that the ether group, the phenol
or aromatic ether carbon, the fatty methyl group, and the aromatic
methyl group in the surfactants have a substantial influence on the
wettability. The research results can provide scientific guidance
for the development of efficient and environmentally friendly compound
dust suppressants to realize clean production in mines.