“…Fluid in nanoconfinement exhibits different properties compared to a bulk fluid, which plays an important role in biological reactions, biomedicine, nanofluidic, geological processes, and hydrocarbon recovery from rocks. Extensive research has been conducted by studying fluid behavior in confinements to investigate reactions on membranes, clay swelling, drug delivery, , fluid transport, , and adsorption. , To elucidate different problems, various confining materials such as carbon compounds, ,− minerals, , and membranes have been employed in experiments and simulations.…”