γ‐Secretase complexes (
GSEC
s) are multimeric membrane proteases involved in a variety of physiological processes and linked to Alzheimer's disease (
AD
). Presenilin (
PSEN
, catalytic subunit), Nicastrin (
NCT
), Presenilin Enhancer 2 (
PEN
‐2), and Anterior Pharynx Defective 1 (
APH
1) are the essential subunits of
GSEC
s. Mutations in
PSEN
and the Amyloid Precursor Protein (
APP
) cause early‐onset
AD
.
GSEC
s successively cut
APP
to generate amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides of various lengths.
AD
‐causing mutations destabilize
GSEC
‐
APP
/Aβ
n
interactions and thus enhance the production of longer Aβs, which elicit neurotoxic events underlying pathogenesis. Here, we investigated the molecular strategies that anchor
GSEC
and
APP
/Aβ
n
during the sequential proteolysis. Our studies reveal that a direct interaction between
NCT
ectodomain and
APP
C99
influences the stability of
GSEC
‐Aβn assemblies and thereby modulates Aβ length. The data suggest a potential link between single‐nucleotide variants in
NCSTN
and
AD
risk. Furthermore, our work indicates that an extracellular interface between the protease (
NCT
,
PSEN
) and the substrate (
APP
) represents the target for compounds (
GSM
s) modulating Aβ length. Our findings may guide future rationale‐based drug discovery efforts.