Molecular dynamics study of direct localized overpotential deposition for nanoscale electrochemical additive manufacturing process

Brant, Anne; Sundaram, Murali M.

doi:10.1016/j.precisioneng.2019.01.010

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…At the macro-and mesoscale (down to 100 µm), additive manufacturing (AM) of metal objects is recurrently performed with robust methods like selective laser and electron beam melting, both relying on the local fusion of metal particles to obtain a solid metal with the desired shape [1][2][3][4][5]. Typical voxel sizes are reported in the range of 100 to 400 µm [6] As alternatives, one can take into consideration the well-established localized electrochemical deposition (LED) [7,8] and laser chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) [9] methods, whose minimum feature sizes are continuously improved down to 10 µm [10,11] and correspondingly interpreted [12,13]. Restricting the depiction only to the fabrication of metal objects at the micron scale (i.e., with details smaller than 10 µm, µAM), three main strategies are being established [14]: fabrication of templates by micro-stereolithography to be successively metallized either by coating (positive templates) or by electroplating (negative templates) [15][16][17][18], transfer of metallic materials to be eventually sintered in a second step, or in situ metal synthesis.…”

Section: Metal Additive Manufacturing At the Micro Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing of Sub-Micron to Sub-mm Metal Structures with Hollow AFM Cantilevers

Ercolano¹,

Nisselroy

Merle³

et al. 2019

Micromachines

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We describe our force-controlled 3D printing method for layer-by-layer additive micromanufacturing (µAM) of metal microstructures. Hollow atomic force microscopy cantilevers are utilized to locally dispense metal ions in a standard 3-electrode electrochemical cell, enabling a confined electroplating reaction. The deflection feedback signal enables the live monitoring of the voxel growth and the consequent automation of the printing protocol in a layer-by-layer fashion for the fabrication of arbitrary-shaped geometries. In a second step, we investigated the effect of the free parameters (aperture diameter, applied pressure, and applied plating potential) on the voxel size, which enabled us to tune the voxel dimensions on-the-fly, as well as to produce objects spanning at least two orders of magnitude in each direction. As a concrete example, we printed two different replicas of Michelangelo’s David. Copper was used as metal, but the process can in principle be extended to all metals that are macroscopically electroplated in a standard way.

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Section: Metal Additive Manufacturing At the Micro Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing of Sub-Micron to Sub-mm Metal Structures with Hollow AFM Cantilevers

Ercolano¹,

Nisselroy

Merle³

et al. 2019

Micromachines

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show abstract

“…Figure 5A−C shows the topographic images of PPy deposits prepared , which is attributed to the energy transformation over the dissipative processes. 46 The higher dissipation energy could reduce volume changes in evaporating droplet meniscus, 47 allowing steady deposition of the materials. The improved mechanical behavior is ascribed to the chelating properties of Tiron.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Anionic Dopants Impact the Electrochemical Additive Manufacturing of Polypyrrole

Wang,

Cheng,

Zhang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Electrochemical additive manufacturing (ECAM), based on meniscus-guided deposition, is an emerging technique for the fabrication of conducting polymers. The ECAM fabrication of polypyrrole entails the electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole monomers and additive manufacturing of polymers. Herein, we investigate the 2-naphthalene sulfonic acid sodium salt (NSA-a), sodium naphthalene-2,6-disulfonate (NSA-b), and 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid disodium salt (Tiron) as anionic dopants for the ECAM processing of polypyrrole. The analysis of the dopants, encompassing the electrochemical tests and electron microscopy measurements coupled with energy-level calculations, provides an insight into the influence of their structure and functional groups on polypyrrole depositions. The increase in the charge/mass ratio of the dopant results in lower deposition potential, higher deposition rate, and reduced particle agglomeration. Atomic force microscopy tests reveal that the employment of Tiron demonstrates improved deformation tolerance with stronger adhesion due to the chelating properties. The high electronic conductivity of Tiron-doped polypyrrole is attributed to multiple −SO3 – groups, which enhance the interchain mobility of charge carriers. Tiron-doped polypyrrole micropillars are successfully produced via pulling of the meniscus. The findings present an opportunity for the optimization and engineering of ECAM fabrications.

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Study on the electrocatalytic mechanism of magnetic field assisted electrochemical additive manufacturing

Li,

Ma,

et al. 2025

Journal of Energy Storage

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Molecular dynamics study of direct localized overpotential deposition for nanoscale electrochemical additive manufacturing process

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Additive Manufacturing of Sub-Micron to Sub-mm Metal Structures with Hollow AFM Cantilevers

Additive Manufacturing of Sub-Micron to Sub-mm Metal Structures with Hollow AFM Cantilevers

How Anionic Dopants Impact the Electrochemical Additive Manufacturing of Polypyrrole

Study on the electrocatalytic mechanism of magnetic field assisted electrochemical additive manufacturing

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