Molecular effects of fermented papaya preparation on oxidative damage, MAP Kinase activation and modulation of the benzo[a]pyrene mediated genotoxicity

Abstract

The involvement of oxidative and nitrosative stress mechanisms in several biological and pathological processes including aging, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases has continued to fuel suggestions that processes can potentially be modulated by treatment with free-radical scavengers and antioxidant. The fermented papaya preparation (FPP) derived from Carica papaya Linn was investigated for its ability to modulate oxidative DNA damage due to H2O2 in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and protection of brain oxidative damage in hypertensive rats. Cells pre-treated with FPP (50 microg/ml) prior to incubation with H2O2 had significantly increased viability and sustenance of morphology and shape. The human hepatoma (HepG2) cells exposed to H2O2 (50 microM) showed an olive tail moment of 10.56 +/- 1.44 compared to 1.37 +/- 0.29 of the solvent control. A significant reduction (P < or = 0.05) of DNA damage was observed at concentrations > or = 10 microg/ml FPP, with 50 microg/ml FPP reducing the genotoxic effect of H2O2 by about 1.5-fold compared to only H2O2 exposed cells.

Correction of Aberrant NADPH Oxidase Activity in Blood-Derived Mononuclear Cells from Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients by a Naturally Fermented Papaya Preparation

“…Fermented papaya preparation (FPP), a granular substance, is available over the counter (32). FPP possesses antioxidant properties (3,11,22,35) that provide benefit against age-related complications (27). FPP is also known to protect red blood cells against oxidative damage (27,28) and help against severe forms of thalassemia (1).…”

Fermented papaya preparation as redox regulator in blood cells of β‐thalassemic mice and patients

“…It was supplied as sachets, each containing 3 g powder by Osato Research Institute, Gifu, Japan. The composition of its principle components has been described previously (Aruoma et al, 2006). For in vitro experiments, the powder was dissolved in double distilled water, and a stock solution of 10 mg/mL was made and stored at 4°C.…”

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of phenolic compounds from Carica papaya L. leaf

“…Parts of the plant are used in tropical diets as a fruit or vegetable; it is sometime used as a therapeutic remedy for several of its medicinal properties. Papaya fruit is thought to contain some immuno-stimulating and anti-oxidant agents (Aruoma et al, 2006;Mehdipour et al, 2006): immature fruits and roots are used for their abortifacient activity (Cherian, 2000;Sarma and Mahanta, 2000); the seeds are now being used as a potential post-testicular anti-fertility drug (Lohiya et al, 2000); the pulp is used by African hospitals for treating wounds and burns (Starley et al, 1999); the latex and the seeds are used in the care of gastrointestinal nematode infections and they have shown anthelmintic activity (Stepek et al, 2004); and the seeds and immature fruit have shown bacteriostatic activity against the human enteric pathogens (Osato et al, 1993). The leaves are used to relieve the symptoms of asthma and as a vermifuge, in the treatment of gastric problems, fever and amoebic dysentery.…”