Molecular engineered optical probes for chemical warfare agents and their mimics: Advances, challenges and perspectives

Zhu, Beitong; Sheng, Ruilong; Chen, Tianhong; Rodrigues, João; Song, Qin‐Hua; Hu, Xiang‐Guo; Zeng, Lintao

doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214527

Cited by 61 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 215 publications

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“…Fluorescence detection is one of the most powerful methods for detecting ecologically and physiologically relevant analytes in the presence of interfering matrices. 58,59 It has attracted considerable attention because it combines the advantages of low-cost and robust detection due to its high sensitivity, great selectivity, fast response time, low detection limit, and ease of use. 60 Fluorescence biosensors can measure intensity, anisotropy, decay time, energy transfer efficiency, and quantum yield.…”

Section: Representative Types For Fluorescence Detection Of Opsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Noble-Metal Nanoparticle-Based Fluorescence Detection of Organophosphorus Chemical Warfare Agents

et al. 2022

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Efficient and simple detection of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) is an essential step in minimizing the potentially lethal consequences of chemical weapons. CWAs are a family of organic chemicals that are used as chemical weapons because of their enormous severity and lethal effects when faced with unforeseen challenges. To stop the spread of CWAs, it is critical to develop a platform that detects them in a sensitive, timely, selective, and minimally invasive manner. Rapid advances in the demand for on-site sensors, metal nanoparticles, and biomarker identification for CWAs have made it possible to use fluorescence as a precise real-time and point-of-care (POCT) testing technique. For POCT-based applications, the new capabilities of micro- and nanomotors offer enormous prospects. In recent decades, significant progress has been made in the design of fluorescent sensors and the further development of noble metal nanoparticles for the detection of organophosphorus CWAs, as described in this review. Through this work, recent attempts to fabricate sensors that can detect organophosphorus CWAs through changes in their fluorescence properties have been summarized. Finally, an integrated outlook on how noble metal nanoparticles could be used to develop smart sensors for organophosphorus CWAs that communicate with and control electronic devices to monitor and improve the health of individuals.

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Section: Representative Types For Fluorescence Detection Of Opsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Noble-Metal Nanoparticle-Based Fluorescence Detection of Organophosphorus Chemical Warfare Agents

et al. 2022

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“…For this reason, many fluorescent probes have been designed to detect mustard gas or its low-toxicity simulant (2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, CEES) and phosgene. 10 Both SM and phosgene are bifunctional molecules, but SM and CEES are less electrophilic than phosgene. Therefore, the most commonly used nucleophilic atoms in fluorescent probes for SMs are sulfur atoms due to the large size and feature of easy polarization.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the field of chemical reagent analysis and detection, small molecule fluorescent probes have been widely concerned for their advantages such as low cost, simple operation, high selectivity, and real-time imaging. For this reason, many fluorescent probes have been designed to detect mustard gas or its low-toxicity simulant (2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, CEES) and phosgene . Both SM and phosgene are bifunctional molecules, but SM and CEES are less electrophilic than phosgene.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bifunctional Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Mustard Gas and Phosgene

et al. 2023

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Mustard gas [sulfur mustard (SM)] and phosgene are the most frequently used chemical warfare agents (CWAs), which pose a serious threat to human health and national security, and their rapid and accurate detection is essential to respond to terrorist attacks and industrial accidents. Herein, we developed a fluorescent probe with o-hydroxythioketone as two sensing sites, AQso, which can detect and distinguish mustard gas and phosgene. The dual-sensing-site probe AQso reacts with mustard gas to form a cyclic product with high sensitivity [limit of detection (LOD) = 70 nM] and is highly selective to SM over phosgene, SM analogues, active alkylhalides, acylhalides, and nerve agent mimics, in ethanol solutions. When encountering phosgene, AQso rapidly converts to cyclic carbonate, which is sensitive (LOD = 14 nM) and highly selective. Their sensing mechanisms of AQso to mustard gas and phosgene were well demonstrated by separation and characterization of the sensing products. Furthermore, a facile test strip with the probe was prepared to distinguish 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) and phosgene in the gas phase by different fluorescence colors and response rates. Not using the complicated instrument, the qualitative and quantitative detection of CEES or phosgene can be achieved only by measuring the red–green–blue (RGB) channel intensity of the test strip after being exposed to CEES or phosgene gas by the smartphone with an RGB color application.

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“…In order to reduce the risk from the high volatility of sarin, diethylchlorophosphate (DCP) was usually used as a simulant in the laboratory because of its similar chemical activity and lower toxicity (Figure a) . In recent years, various fluorescent probes have been devoted to develop for detecting DCP, − such as triphenylamine dyes, − quinoline derivatives, , BODIPY dyes, − rhodamine dyes, − Schiff base, and polymers. − The sensing mechanisms of these probes mainly include intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), , photo-induced electron transfer, excited-state intramolecular proton transfer, aggregation-induced emission (AIE), and cyclization. , However, there are still a few problems to be improved for the fluorescent probes, such as the low sensitivity and slow response. Especially, most probes can only show good sensing abilities in either solution or solid state, which limit their practical applications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-State Fluorescent Probe for Ultrafast and Sensitive Detection of Nerve Agent Simulants in Solution and Vapor

Zhang¹,

Yang²,

Yuan³

et al. 2023

ACS Sens.

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The development of fluorescent probes for detecting nerve agents has been the main concern focus of research because of their lethal toxicity for humans. Herein, a probe (PQSP) based on the quinoxalinone unit and the styrene pyridine group was synthesized and could visually detect a sarin simulant diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP) with excellent sensing properties in solution and solid states. Interestingly, PQSP showed an apparent intramolecular charge-transfer process by catalytic protonation after reacting with DCP in methanol, accompanied with the aggregation recombination effect. The sensing process was also verified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, scanning electron microscopy, and theoretical calculations. In addition, the papered test strips of loading probe PQSP exhibited an ultrafast response time within 3 s and high sensitivity with a limit of detection of 3 ppb for the detection of DCP vapor. Therefore, this research provides a designed strategy for developing the probes with dual-state emission fluorescence in solution and solid states for detecting DCP sensitively and rapidly, which can be fabricated as chemosensors to visually detect nerve agents in practice.

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Molecular engineered optical probes for chemical warfare agents and their mimics: Advances, challenges and perspectives

Cited by 61 publications

References 215 publications

Advances in Noble-Metal Nanoparticle-Based Fluorescence Detection of Organophosphorus Chemical Warfare Agents

Advances in Noble-Metal Nanoparticle-Based Fluorescence Detection of Organophosphorus Chemical Warfare Agents

Bifunctional Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Mustard Gas and Phosgene

Dual-State Fluorescent Probe for Ultrafast and Sensitive Detection of Nerve Agent Simulants in Solution and Vapor

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