Molecular engineering of simple carbazole-arylamine hole-transport materials for perovskite solar cells

Abstract

N,N-Dimethylamino-based carbazole-arylamine hole-transport materials show better performance than methylsulfanyl or methoxy counterparts in perovskite solar cells, and even exhibit higher efficiency and extremely lower laboratory synthesis cost than conventional spiro-OMeTAD.

Isomeric D‐π‐D Dopant‐Free Hole Transport Materials: Effect of the Substitution Position and Heteroatom on the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells

“…[43,47,48] The HTMs with large deposition amounts could increase hole migration distance due to growing thickness of the HTM layer, therefore, causing destructive device performance. Unlike one of our previous reports, [41] we noted that the variation trend of device performance has no connection with the concentration. The change trend of device performance does not change along with the concentration of HTMs.…”

“…The deposition amount of HTMs has been proved to have a remarkable effect on PSCs' performance. [41] The solubility of these molecules are measured in chlorobenzene, the obtained results are listed in Table S1, the investigated molecules exhibit good solubility, except O-4,6. We preliminarily used these molecules in devices with varying concentrations.…”

Isomeric Carbazole-Based Hole-Transporting Materials: Role of the Linkage Position on the Photovoltaic Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Similarly, Chen et al investigated carbazole-based HTM with diphenylamine substitution at the 1,3,6,8 positions, which showed PCE of 17.8% . Many other research groups studied carbazole-triarylamine/diarylamine connected via a phenyl, biphenyl, triphenylamine, and dibenzofuran core as HTMs for PSC. − In addition, isomeric carbazole-triarylamine based HTMs have been reported to result in different photovoltaic performances by altering the substitution position at the carbazole core. − For instance, Li et al demonstrated that 2,7-difunctionalized carbazole exhibit superior PCE than the corresponding 3,6-difunctionalized carbazole . However, tetra-substituted isomeric carbazoles as HTMs are scarcely investigated in the literature.…”

Molecular Engineering of Fluorene‐Based Hole‐Transporting Materials for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Carbazole and fluorene chromophores are among the most popular structural building blocks, used for the construction of the organic HTMs. [ 25–30 ] In a recent work, it was shown that the replacement of the methoxyphenyl fragment of the popular HTM Spiro‐OMeTAD with the 9,9‐dimethylfluorenyl chromophore led to the superior performance. [ 31 ] Such an increase in the efficiency and stability was attributed to the optimized thermal properties, as well as beneficial alignment of the energy levels.…”

“…[20][21][22][23][24] Carbazole and fluorene chromophores are among the most popular structural building blocks, used for the construction of the organic HTMs. [25][26][27][28][29][30] In a recent work, it was shown that the replacement of the methoxyphenyl fragment of the popular HTM Spiro-OMeTAD with the 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl chromophore led to the superior performance. [31] Such an increase in New Spiro-OMeTAD analogues and the simpler "half" structures with the terminated methoxyphenyl and/or carbazolyl chromophores are successfully synthesized under Hartwig-Buchwald amination conditions using commercially available starting materials.…”