Molecular engineering of the fused azacycle donors in the D-A-π-A metal-free organic dyes for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells

Monitoring the dependence of the photovoltaic properties of dye-sensitized solar cells from the structure of D–A–π–A-type sensitizers with a 9-(p-tolyl)-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-1,4-methanocarbazole donor building block

“…Melting points were obtained using a Kofler hot-stage apparatus and were not corrected. 1 H NMR (300.1 MHz) and 13 C NMR (75.5 MHz) spectra were obtained using a Bruker AM-300 spectrometer with TMS as the standard in DMSO-d 6 or CDCl 3 solutions. The coupling constant ( J) values are reported in hertz (Hz).…”

“…6 Since the discovery of the first representative of a dye of this series, WS-2 , by Zhu et al in 2011, 7 this structure was intensely modified in order to reveal the effect of individual moieties in sensitizers on the photovoltaic properties of DSSCs. 8–14 Finally, the power conversion efficiency reached 12.5%. 15 Since complicating the structure of sensitizers does not always guarantee a high PCE, the D–A–π–A sequence can be considered the optimal structure in terms of the ratio of synthetic costs and the resulting efficiency.…”

Control and regulation of the performance of fullerene-based dye-sensitized solar cells with a D–D–A structure by external electric fields

“…9,10 Currently, metal-based dyes, such as ruthenium (Ru) dye sensitizers, have high PCE efficiencies due to their broad light absorption range and better energy matching with TiO 2 . 11 However, their high cost, metal scarcity, and high-purity methods limit their large-scale application in DSSCs. 12,13…”

Comparative Study of TiO2, ZnO, and Nb2O5 Photoanodes for Nitro-Substituted Naphthoquinone Photosensitizer-Based Solar Cells

“…One of this research’s main aims is to meet the increasing global demand for energy consumption. , As a substitute for fossil fuels, nonfossil energy from clean sources is used. Examples of such sources include wind, water, biomass, geothermal, and solar energy because they are self-sufficient and less harmful to the ecosystem. − Solar energy is one of the most promising nonfossil options for tackling energy challenges with a less detrimental impact on the ecology. , Solar cells are an efficient device to convert solar energy into electrical energy , to meet the rising demand for energy around the globe.…”