Molecular Epidemiology and Clinical Features Analysis of Respiratory Adenovirus Infections Reveals Correlations between Genotype, Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Disease Severity

Abstract

Background. Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are commonly causing respiratory disease. We molecularly genotyped HAdV circulating in Chinese hospitalized children with respiratory infections and summarized the clinical profiles and common inflammatory biomarkers, so as to better determine their associations with disease severity. Method. Children with respiratory single HAdV infection cases that occurred from December 2017 to March 2019 were enrolled for a cross-sectional study. Clinical/laboratory features based on the genotypes of respiratory HAdV infection were reviewed for comparative analysis. Results. A total of 84 patients were enrolled, and HAdV types were identified from 82 patients. Species B (HAdV-7, 44%; HAdV-3, 43%, and HAdV-14, 5%) was the most common, followed by C (HAdV-2, 4% and HAdV-1, 1%) and E (HAdV-4, 1%). Severe HAdV infection and HAdV-7 infection groups were associated with significantly longer duration of fever and hospitalized days, higher morbidity of tachypnea/dyspnea, more pleural effusion, more respiratory rales, more frequently required mechanical ventilation, and significantly higher fatality rate. The elevated procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly associated with severe HAdV infection. Conclusions. HAdV-7 and HAdV-3 were the most common types among children with respiratory adenovirus infection; vaccines against these two genotypes are in urgent need. PCT and CRP are significantly associated with the severity of HAdV infection.

Adenovirus Infection in Hospitalized Children with Acute Respiratory Infection in Jordan

“…AdV-C (predominantly AdV-2 and -1) was the most commonly detected species in our study (70%), compared with AdV-B (22%). This finding is similar to a study in Egypt in which 75% and 22% of children under 2 years of age had AdV-C and AdV-B detected, respectively, 33 but in contrast to studies from China that reported AdV-B as the predominant species detected in hospitalized children <14 years with febrile respiratory infection symptoms 34 or hospitalized with pneumonia (92.9%), 28 and from Argentina that described 50% AdV-B detection followed by 40% AdV-C prevalence among patients seen in the ED or hospitalized. 35 These differences might be related to AdV regional circulation, different age groups, and/or species/types shifting over time.…”

Molecular subtypes of respiratory Adenovirus infection outbreak in children in Northern Vietnam and risk factors of more severe cases

“…Although the sample size of this study is limited, it is similar to those of many other previously published studies analysing molecular typing for HAdV outbreaks (5,9,16,(49)(50)(51). The study samples were from pediatric patients of a private general hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam and molecular typing was performed using samples with Ct for HAdV <30.…”

Greater In-Hospital Care and Early Rehabilitation Needs in People with COVID-19 Compared with Those without COVID-19

“…A challenge created by COVID-19 is that no specific clinical features discern the disease from other respiratory illnesses [1]. Common methods to quantify respiratory compromise assist clinicians in planning and delivering appropriate care for people presenting with respiratory symptoms [2][3][4][5]. It is well-known, in those who are hospitalised with illness causing respiratory compromise, that the duration of the immobility and frequency of mobility during hospitalisation impact functional outcomes, exercise capacity and discharge destination [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”