Molecular epidemiology and clinical manifestations of human cryptosporidiosis in Sweden

Insulander, Mona; Silverlås, Charlotte; Lebbad, Marianne; Karlsson, Lillemor; Mattsson, Jens G.; Svenungsson, Bo

doi:10.1017/s0950268812001665

Cited by 147 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…pig genotype II (isolated from pigs in China), C. parvum (Egyptian isolate from buffalo in Ismailia province) and C. baileyi (isolated from quails in China). Despite that these results disagree with McLauchlin et al (2000) and others (Insulander et al, 2013;Friesema et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2011) who could identify C. parvum genotypes by 18S rRNA gene sequence, they confirmed the previous conclusion of many researchers who found the use of multi-loci analysis had better results with regards to Cryptosporidium genotyping (Abe and Teramato, 2012;Amer et al, 2010). Because their sequences had higher intraspecific variation than the ribosomal RNA gene regions (Morgan et al, 1999b), it was suggested that other Cryptosporidium genes targets should be used for amplification including the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP), 16S rRNA, Hsp70, Actin, β-Tubulin, gp60, microsatellites, minisatellites and extrachromosomal double-stranded RNA (Xiao et al, 2004;Caccio et al, 2005;Coklin et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Molecular Characterization of Bubaline Isolate of Cryptosporidium Species from Egypt

Abdelrahma¹,

Megeed²,

Hammam³

et al. 2015

Research J. of Parasitology

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Cryptosporidium an apicomplexan parasite has the ability to induce diarrhea in bovines, goats, pigs, dogs and cats worldwide. In this study, buffalo calves fecal samples were examined after staining their smears with Modified Ziehl-Neelsen Stain (MZN). Ileal sections were examined for the detection of pathological changes. Further molecular characterization was done using nested PCR amplification and partial sequence analysis. The detected oocysts were morphologically similar to Cryptosporidium parvum. Light microscopic examination of Cryptosporidium infected ileal Tissue Section (TS) stained with H and E revealed the presence of altered mucosal architecture with congestion of blood vessels, infiltration, sloughing and complete erosion of epithelial cells and shortening, blunting, stunting and atrophy of the intestinal villi. Molecular characterization gave PCR amplicons of 18S SSU rRNA gene products approximately at 823 bp. Sequences proved specified generalized relatedness with 21 species of Cryptosporidium but the nucleotide homogeneity percentage was insufficient to designate species or genotypes. Further bioinformatics analysis showed that resulting Cryptosporidium isolates had the closest match with three isolates. It was implied that the Cryptosporidium isolates is mostly like Cryptosporidium parvum (JX237832.1) previously isolated from buffaloes in Ismailia province.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Molecular Characterization of Bubaline Isolate of Cryptosporidium Species from Egypt

Abdelrahma¹,

Megeed²,

Hammam³

et al. 2015

Research J. of Parasitology

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“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this subtype in sheep. Subtype IIaA16G1R1 has a wide geographic distribution (Xiao, 2010;Robertson et al, 2014) and has recently been detected in calves and humans in Sweden (Insulander et al, 2013;Silverlås et al 2010Silverlås et al , 2013, in humans in Canada (Iqbal et al, 2015), Australia (Koehler et al, 2014), Estonia (Lassen et al, 2014) and Mexico (Valenzuela et al, 2014), dairy cattle in Argentina (Del Coco et al, 2014) and sheep and cattle in Romania (Imre et al 2011;Imre et al, 2013). This subtype of C. parvum also caused an outbreak in Sweden through direct contact between calves and humans (Kinross et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium in animal and human isolates from Jordan

Hijjawi

Mukbel

Yang

et al. 2016

Veterinary Parasitology

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(Mukbel R). #Joint first authors Highlights First genotyping study of Cryptosporidium in animals in Jordan  Faecal samples (n=284) from domestic animals and humans (n=48) screened  Overall prevalence of 11.6% in animals and six species detected.  Novel Cryptosporidium genotype detected in horses AbstractLittle is known about the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in Jordan and to date, only one genotyping study has been conducted on Cryptosporidium isolates from Jordanian children. In the present study, a total of 284 faecal samples from Jordanian cattle, sheep, goats and chicken and 48 human faecal samples were screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium using an 18S quantitative PCR (qPCR) and a C. parvum/C. hominis specific qPCR at a lectin locus. Of these, 37 of 284 animal faecal samples were positive by qPCR at the 18S locus giving an overall prevalence of 11.6%. The point prevalence of Cryptosporidium in chickens, sheep, horses, cattle and goats ranged from 4.8% (chickens) to 18.7% (cattle). A total of six species were detected; C. xiaoi (n=9), C.andersoni (n=7), C. ryanae (n=5), C. parvum (n=4), C. baileyi (n=1) and a genetically distinct and potentially novel species in two isolates from horses. Sub-genotype analysis of the 4 C. parvum isolates at the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) locus identified subtype IIaA19G2R1 (n=2) and IIaA16GR1 (n=2). For the human samples, 4 positives (8.3% prevalence) were detected. Of these, two were C. parvum (subtypes IIdA20G1 and IIaA15G2R1) and two were C. hominis (subtypes 1bA9G3 and 1bA10G2R2). Further studies are required to better understand the epidemiology and transmission of Cryptosporidium in Jordan.

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“…Less common species include Cryptosporidium meleagridis. In Sweden, C. meleagridis is possibly the third most common species associated with human cryptosporidiosis and accounted for about 6% of the cases in a recent study, all representing imported cases (5). In some parts of the world, C. meleagridis may even be as common as C. parvum (6)(7)(8)(9).…”

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confidence: 99%

High Applicability of a Novel Method for gp60-Based Subtyping of Cryptosporidium meleagridis

et al. 2014

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cCryptosporidium meleagridis is a common cause of cryptosporidiosis in avian hosts and the third most common species involved in human cryptosporidiosis. Sequencing of the highly polymorphic 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene is a frequently used tool for investigation of the genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of Cryptosporidium. However, few studies have included gp60 sequencing of C. meleagridis. One explanation may be that the gp60 primers currently in use are based on Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum sequence data, potentially limiting successful amplification of the C. meleagridis gp60 gene. We therefore aimed to design primers for better gp60 subtyping of C. meleagridis. Initially, ϳ1,440 bp of the gp60 locus of seven C. meleagridis isolates were amplified using primers flanking the open reading frame. The obtained sequence data (ϳ1,250 bp) were used to design primers for a nested PCR targeting C. meleagridis. Twenty isolates (16 from human and 4 from poultry) previously identified as C. meleagridis by analysis of small subunit (SSU) rRNA genes were investigated. Amplicons of the expected size (ϳ900 bp) were obtained from all 20 isolates. The subsequent sequence analysis identified 3 subtype families and 10 different subtypes. The most common subtype family, IIIb, was identified in 12 isolates, represented by 6 subtypes, 4 new and 2 previously reported. Subtype family IIIe was found in 3 isolates represented by 3 novel, distinct subtypes. Finally, IIIgA31G3R1 was found in 1 human isolate and 4 poultry isolates, all originating from a previously reported C. meleagridis outbreak at a Swedish organic farm.

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Molecular epidemiology and clinical manifestations of human cryptosporidiosis in Sweden

Cited by 147 publications

References 47 publications

Molecular Characterization of Bubaline Isolate of Cryptosporidium Species from Egypt

Molecular Characterization of Bubaline Isolate of Cryptosporidium Species from Egypt

Genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium in animal and human isolates from Jordan

High Applicability of a Novel Method for gp60-Based Subtyping of Cryptosporidium meleagridis

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