Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of canine coronavirus from domestic dogs in Chengdu, China from 2020 to 2021 using a multiplex RT-PCR

Background Canine enteric coronavirus (CECoV) is a prevalent infectious disease among dogs worldwide, yet its epidemiology in mainland China remains poorly understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of CECoV in mainland China and identify factors influencing its prevalence. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases for studies regarding CECoV epidemiology of China. PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and CQVIP were searched to obtain the studies. Eligible studies were selected based on predefined criteria, and data were extracted and synthesized. The quality the studies was assessed using the JBI assessment tool. Heterogeneity was checked using I2 test statistics followed by subgroup and sensitivity analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore variations in CECoV prevalence by factors such as year, region, season, health status, social housing type, gender, age, and breed. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and eggers test that was followed by trim and fill analysis. Results A total of 27 studies involving 21,034 samples were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of CECoV in mainland China was estimated to be 0.30 (95% CI 0.24–0.37), indicating persistent circulation of the virus. Subgroup analyses revealed higher prevalence rates in younger dogs, multi-dog households, apparently healthy dogs, and certain regions such as southwest China. Seasonal variations were observed, with lower prevalence rates in summer. However, no significant differences in prevalence were found by gender. Conclusions This study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology of CECoV in mainland China, highlighting the persistent circulation of the virus and identifying factors associated with higher prevalence rates. Continuous monitoring and surveillance efforts, along with research into accurate detection methods and preventive measures, are essential for the effective control of CECoV and mitigation of its potential impact on animal and human health.

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Rethinking the Drivers of Coronavirus Virulence and Pathogenesis: Toward an Understanding of the Dynamic World of Mutations, Indels, and Recombination Within the Species Alphacoronavirus-1

Olarte-Castillo,

Choi,

Frazier

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Alphacoronaviruses are widespread but understudied in comparison to betacoronaviruses. Recombination, mutations, and indels are hallmarks of coronavirus replication, which together facilitate viral spillover and emergence, especially within the alphacoronaviruses. The species _Alphacoronavirus-1_ comprises distinct viruses of cats, dogs and pigs. In cats, high-pathogenicity feline coronavirus (FCoV) is infamous as the cause of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a lethal disease that can now be treated with antiviral drugs. FCoV-1 exists as two distinct genotypes (type -1 and -2) and is transmitted as a low-pathogenicity virus that causes mild or asymptomatic disease. The high-pathogenicity FCoV variants arise in cats already infected with FCoV, and while the mutations responsible for this phenotype change remain enigmatic, the main determinant of pathogenicity is the viral spike glycoprotein. FCoV-1 disease outcome is driven by a combination of both within- and between-host evolution, whereas FCoV-2 disease appears to be driven by recombination with co-circulating canine coronaviruses (CCoV). FCoV-1 virulence can be largely explained using the “furin cleavage site (FCS) disruption hypothesis,” which argues that low-pathogenicity FCoV-1 contains an intact FCS while high-pathogenicity FCoV-1 has a disrupted FCS that is unable to be cleaved. FCoV-2 virulence and pathogenesis is exemplified by FCoV-23, a novel canine/feline recombinant virus that caused a widespread outbreak of severe disease in Cyprus during 2023. As such, _Alphacoronavirus-1 _mayexist as adynamic "metavirome"1 that is in a constant state of flux, presenting notable challenges for disease surveillance and management, and in risk-assessment.

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Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of canine coronavirus from domestic dogs in Chengdu, China from 2020 to 2021 using a multiplex RT-PCR

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

Establishment of a Rapid Detection Method for Canine Coronavirus Using Recombinant Enzyme and Polymerase Mediated Isothermal Amplification Technology

Establishment of a Rapid Detection Method for Canine Coronavirus Using Recombinant Enzyme and Polymerase Mediated Isothermal Amplification Technology

A systematic review and meta-analysis of canine enteric coronavirus prevalence in dogs of mainland China

Rethinking the Drivers of Coronavirus Virulence and Pathogenesis: Toward an Understanding of the Dynamic World of Mutations, Indels, and Recombination Within the Species Alphacoronavirus-1

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