Molecular Epidemiology and Recombination of Human Enteroviruses from AFP surveillance in Yunnan, China from 2006 to 2010

Tang, Jing-Jing; Yoshida, Hiromu; Ding, Zhuang; Tao, Zexin; Zhang, Jie; Tian, Bo; Zhi-xian, Zhao; Zhang, Lifen

doi:10.1038/srep06058

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…These are common pathogens responsible for many infections as estimated at nearly one billion annually worldwide (Palacios and Oberste 2005;Tang et al 2014). Their range of symptoms is very wide because they can cause damage to the nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory devices, muscles, skin and eyes (Oberste et al 1999;Xu et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of rainfalls variability and physical–chemical parameters on enteroviruses in sewage and lagoon in Yopougon, Côte d’Ivoire

et al. 2016

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The aim of this study was to assess the variability of the content of nutrients, oxidizable organic and particulate matters in raw sewage and the lagoon on the effect of rainfall. Then evaluate the impact of these changes in the concentration of enteroviruses (EVs) in waters. The sewage samples were collected at nine sampling points along the channel, which flows, into a tropical lagoon in Yopougon. Physical-chemical parameters (5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Suspended Particulate Matter, Total Phosphorus, Orthophosphate, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen and Nitrate) as well as the concentration of EV in these waters were determined. The average numbers of EV isolated from the outlet of the channel were 9.06 9 10 4 PFU 100 ml -1 . Consequently, EV was present in 55.55 and 33.33 % of the samples in the 2 brackish lagoon collection sites. The effect of rainfall on viral load at the both sewage and brackish lagoon environments is significant correlate (two-way ANOVA, P \ 0.05). Furthermore, in lagoon environment, nutrients (Orthophosphate, Total Phosphorus), 5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand and Suspended Particulate Matter were significant correlated with EVs loads (P \ 0.05 by Pearson test). The overall results highlight the problem of sewage discharge into the lagoon and correlation between viral loads and water quality parameters in sewage and lagoon.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of rainfalls variability and physical–chemical parameters on enteroviruses in sewage and lagoon in Yopougon, Côte d’Ivoire

et al. 2016

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“…Human enterovirus (EV) infections are usually asymptomatic or bring about only mild disease, such as the common cold or minor undifferentiated febrile illnesses. However, EVs are associated with outbreaks of more serious disease such as acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) 1 2 3 4 , which result in considerable morbidity and occasionally in mortality.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Novel Recombinant Enterovirus Type EV-A89 with Low Epidemic Strength in Xinjiang, China

Fan¹,

Zhang²,

Hu³

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Enterovirus A89 (EV-A89) is a novel member of the EV-A species. To date, only one full-length genome sequence (the prototype strain) has been published. Here, we report the molecular identification and genomic characterization of a Chinese EV-A89 strain, KSYPH-TRMH22F/XJ/CHN/2011, isolated in 2011 from a contact of an acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) patient during AFP case surveillance in Xinjiang China. This was the first report of EV-A89 in China. The VP1 coding sequence of this strain demonstrated 93.2% nucleotide and 99.3% amino acid identity with the EV-A89 prototype strain. In the P2 and P3 regions, the Chinese EV-A89 strain demonstrated markedly higher identity than the prototype strains of EV-A76, EV-A90, and EV-A91, indicating that one or more recombination events between EV-A89 and these EV-A types might have occurred. Long-term evolution of these EV types originated from the same ancestor provides the spatial and temporal circumstances for recombination to occur. An antibody seroprevalence survey against EV-A89 in two Xinjiang prefectures demonstrated low positive rates and low titres of EV-A89 neutralization antibody, suggesting limited range of transmission and exposure to the population. This study provides a solid foundation for further studies on the biological and pathogenic properties of EV-A89.Human enterovirus (EV) infections are usually asymptomatic or bring about only mild disease, such as the common cold or minor undifferentiated febrile illnesses. However, EVs are associated with outbreaks of more serious disease such as acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) [1][2][3][4] , which result in considerable morbidity and occasionally in mortality.EVs belong to the picornaviridae family and fall within the new order Picornavirales, which represents small non-enveloped RNA viruses with a single stranded positive-sense genome of approximately 7500 nucleotides 5 . The EV genome consists of a single open reading frame (ORF) flanked by 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs). The ORF is translated into a single, large polyprotein of 2200 amino acids (aa), which is subsequently cleaved by viral proteases into one capsid protein region (P1) and two non-structural regions (P2 and P3). The P1 region encodes four viral capsid proteins: viral protein 1-4 (VP1-VP4), and the P2 and P3 regions encode seven non-structural proteins 2A-2C and 3A-3D, respectively 6 . The 5′ -UTR is about 740 nucleotides long and has an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that is indispensable for translation initiation 7,8 . The approximately 100 nucleotide 3′ -UTR, located between the ORF and the poly (A) stretch, forms highly conserved secondary and tertiary structures that are involved in RNA replication 9 . Currently, more than 100 human EV serotypes have been described. They are currently classified into four species, EV-A, EV-B, EV-C, and EV-D, according to their genomic characteristics 5,10,11 . The classificatio...

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“…Similarly, among echoviruses, the echovirus 19 was found the most prevalent human enterovirus (12.6%). Although echovirus 19 may cause mild to severe neurological disorders as reported from Malaysia, China, United States of America and Australia 20 40 41 42 43 but unfortunately, no clinical information, molecular epidemiology and disease correlation of this serotype with AFP have been reported except two case reports. In first case, E-19 was isolated from CSF sample of a 39 year old immunosuppressed transplant recipient who admitted to the hospital with acute onset of flaccid paralysis of the left leg 43 and in second case a three years old Australian child admitted to hospital with a 2-day history of fever to 38.8 °C and a 24-h history of painless inability to move her left upper arm and shoulder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of new genotype of Echovirus 19 from children with Acute Flaccid Paralysis in Pakistan

Angez

Shaukat

Zahra

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Enteroviruses are known to cause childhood paralysis. The purpose of this study was to examine the genetic diversity and to determine the association of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) with acute flaccid Paralysis (AFP). Stool samples (n = 1191) of children with AFP were collected from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. Poliovirus was isolated in 205 (17.2%) samples and NPEVs were found in 215 (18.0%) samples. Out of 215 viruses, 124 (57.7%) were typed into 19 different types of enteroviruses while 91 (42.3%) remained untypeable on microneutralization assay that were reconfirmed as NPEVs by real time PCR. Echovirus 19 (20/35; 57.1%) was found the most prevalent type based on VP1 nucleotide sequencing with increased genetic diversity. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the circulation of a new genotype of E-19 in the country. The findings of this study are of great importance for future research and propose to establish the enterovirus surveillance system in the country to readily identify more enteroviruses and to monitor the emergence of new variants/genotypes especially at the moment when we are at the verge of polio eradication phase.

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Molecular Epidemiology and Recombination of Human Enteroviruses from AFP surveillance in Yunnan, China from 2006 to 2010

Cited by 19 publications

References 40 publications

Effects of rainfalls variability and physical–chemical parameters on enteroviruses in sewage and lagoon in Yopougon, Côte d’Ivoire

Effects of rainfalls variability and physical–chemical parameters on enteroviruses in sewage and lagoon in Yopougon, Côte d’Ivoire

A Novel Recombinant Enterovirus Type EV-A89 with Low Epidemic Strength in Xinjiang, China

Identification of new genotype of Echovirus 19 from children with Acute Flaccid Paralysis in Pakistan

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