Molecular epidemiology of bluetongue virus in Portugal during 2004–2006 outbreak

Barros, Sílvia C.; Ramos, Fernanda; Luís, Tiago; Vaz, Andréia Cristina Nakashima; Duarte, Margarida; Henriques, M. J.; Cruz, Benedita; Fevereiro, Miguel

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.04.014

Cited by 35 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, the arrival of BTV-2, BTV-4, BTV-9 and BTV-16 in Italy within a short span of time led the Italian authorities to consider that the risks were outweighed by the cost of not vaccinating, and wide-scale use of live attenuated BTV vaccines in Italy began in 2001. During this vaccination campaign several of the above concerns were confirmed, including the re-assortment of attenuated vaccine strains with other strains in co-infected hosts (Batten et al 2008) and the transmission of the vaccine strains in the field (Ferrari et al 2005;Barros et al 2007). Subsequent experimental work also confirmed the potential for attenuated BTV vaccine strains to be transmitted by Culicoides under laboratory conditions (Venter & Paweska 2007), and to generate clinical signs in European breeds of sheep (Veronesi et al 2005).…”

Section: -2005: Emergence Of Bluetongue Virus In Southern and Easmentioning

confidence: 69%

Bluetongue in Europe: past, present and future

Wilson

Mellor

2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

333

356

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The recent arrival in Northern and Western (NW) Europe of bluetongue virus (BTV), which causes the ruminant disease ‘bluetongue’, has raised the profile of this vector-borne ruminant disease and sparked discussions on the reasons for its sudden emergence so far north. This expansion has not happened in isolation and the disease has been expanding into Southern and Eastern Europe for the last decade. This shifting disease distribution is being facilitated by a number of different introduction mechanisms including the movement of infected livestock, the passive movement of infected Culicoides on the wind and, in NW Europe, an unknown route of introduction. The expansion of BTV in Europe has forced a re-evaluation of the importance of Palaearctic Culicoides species in transmission, as well as the importance of secondary transmission routes, such as transplacental transmission, in facilitating the persistence of the virus. The current European outbreak of BTV-8 is believed to have caused greater economic damage than any previous single-serotype outbreak. Although attempts are being made to improve the capacity of European countries to cope with future BTV incursions, the options available are limited by a lack of basic entomological data and limited virological surveillance.

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Section: -2005: Emergence Of Bluetongue Virus In Southern and Easmentioning

confidence: 69%

Bluetongue in Europe: past, present and future

Wilson

Mellor

2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

333

356

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“…In the early stages of the recent outbreaks in the eastern Mediterranean region, these live attenuated vaccine strains of BTV-2, BTV-4, and BTV-9 (western topotype) and BTV-16 (eastern topotype) were used in the Iberian peninsula, eastern Mediterranean islands, and Italy to reduce the circulation of BTV (7). There is clear evidence showing that the vaccine strains of BTV-2 and BTV-16 have been transmitted in the field (1,6,10). The release of BTV vaccine strains into the field has added further genetic diversity to the pool of field strains circulating in the field, generating an unprecedented mix of viruses that includes several eastern and western viruses, as well as both field and vaccine strains (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intragenic Recombination as a Mechanism of Genetic Diversity in Bluetongue Virus

Ding

et al. 2010

J Virol

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Bluetongue (BT), caused by Bluetongue virus (BTV), is an economically important disease affecting sheep, deer, cattle, and goats. Since 1998, a series of BT outbreaks have spread across much of southern and central Europe. To study why the epidemiology of the virus happens to change, it is important to fully know the mechanisms resulting in its genetic diversity. Gene mutation and segment reassortment have been considered as the key forces driving the evolution of BTV. However, it is still unknown whether intragenic recombination can occur and contribute to the process in the virus. We present here several BTV groups containing mosaic genes to reveal that intragenic recombination can take place between the virus strains and play a potential role in bringing novel BTV lineages.

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“…However, the Cq values of these 2 animals are substantially reduced and too low to represent leftovers from previous infections when compared to the range previously described for RNA and DNA viruses, namely for the blue tongue virus (BTV) (De Leeuw et al, 2015;Barros et al, 2007) and parvoviruses (Duarte et al, 2013). As no animals were sacrificed nor in vivo experiments carried out to determine the infectious (viable viral particles) or non-infectious (RNA segments) nature of the RHDV2-RNA, this aspect was not clarified in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Progression of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 upon vaccination in an industrial rabbitry: a laboratorial approach

Carvalho

Duarte

Monteiro³

et al. 2017

World Rabbit Sci.

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Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2) emerged recently in several European countries, leading to extensive economic losses in the industry. In response to this new infection, specific inactivated vaccines were developed in Europe and full and rapid setup of protective immunity induced by vaccination was reported. However, data on the efficacy of these vaccines in an ongoing-infection scenario is unavailable. In this study we investigated an infected RHDV2 indoor industrial meat rabbitry, where fatalities continued to occur after the implementation of the RHDV2 vaccination, introduced to control the disease. The aim of this study was to understand if these mortalities were RHDV2-related, to discover if the dead animals showed any common features such as age or time distance from vaccination, and to identify the source of the outbreak. Anatomo-pathological analysis of vaccinated animals with the virus showed lesions compatible with systemic haemorrhagic disease and RHDV2-RNA was detected in 85.7% of the animals tested. Sequencing of the vp60 gene amplified from liver samples led to the recognition of RHDV2 field strains demonstrating that after the implementation of vaccination, RHDV2 continued to circulate in the premises and to cause sporadic deaths. A nearby, semi-intensive, RHDV2 infected farm belonging to the same owner was identified as the most probable source of the virus. The main risk factors for virus introduction in these two industries were identified. Despite the virus being able to infect a few of the vaccinated rabbits, the significant decrease in mortality rate observed in vaccinated adult rabbits clearly reflects the efficacy of the vaccination. Nonetheless, the time taken to control the infection also highlights the importance of RHDV2 vaccination prior to the first contact with the virus, highly recommendable in endemic areas, to mitigate the infection's impact on the industry.

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Molecular epidemiology of bluetongue virus in Portugal during 2004–2006 outbreak

Cited by 35 publications

References 25 publications

Bluetongue in Europe: past, present and future

Bluetongue in Europe: past, present and future

Intragenic Recombination as a Mechanism of Genetic Diversity in Bluetongue Virus

Progression of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 upon vaccination in an industrial rabbitry: a laboratorial approach

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