Molecular epidemiology of canine adenovirus type 1 and type 2 in free-ranging red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Italy

Balboni, Andrea; Verin, Ranieri; Morandi, Federico; Poli, Alessandro; Prosperi, Santino; Battilani, Mara

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.11.015

Cited by 69 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, CAV-2 was not detected in the urine or faeces of any red foxes tested. In addition, although there is a single report of a CAV-2 sequence being detected by PCR in the faeces of a red fox13, there is no definitive evidence to suggest that CAV-2 is a frequent infection or causes disease in this species. Therefore, red foxes are unlikely to be a major transmitter of CAV-2 in the UK.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Cross-protection between the two viruses is exploited by the routine use of CAV-2-based vaccines in veterinary practice to protect dogs against ICH. There is no current evidence to suggest that CAV-2 is pathogenic in foxes, although Balboni et al 13. reported detection of CAV-2 by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the faeces of a free-ranging red fox in Italy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Domestic dogs are therefore likely to come into indirect (or rarely direct) contact with foxes via urine, faeces and infected fomites. In active infections, CAV-1 is shed in urine, faeces and possibly other secretions1; therefore, concern has been raised that red foxes may be a wildlife reservoir of CAV-1713, as well as other pathogens, such as Angiostrongylus vasorum 15. In a study of outbreaks of ICH amongst captive juvenile red foxes in wildlife hospitals in the UK, an apparently healthy fox, thought to be shedding infectious CAV-1, was the likely cause of one outbreak4.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Serological and molecular epidemiology of canine adenovirus type 1 in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the United Kingdom

Walker

Fee

Hartley

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) causes infectious canine hepatitis (ICH), a frequently fatal disease which primarily affects canids. In this study, serology (ELISA) and molecular techniques (PCR/qPCR) were utilised to investigate the exposure of free-ranging red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) to CAV-1 in the United Kingdom (UK) and to examine their role as a wildlife reservoir of infection for susceptible species. The role of canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), primarily a respiratory pathogen, was also explored. In foxes with no evidence of ICH on post-mortem examination, 29 of 154 (18.8%) red foxes had inapparent infections with CAV-1, as detected by a nested PCR, in a range of samples, including liver, kidney, spleen, brain, and lung. CAV-1 was detected in the urine of three red foxes with inapparent infections. It was estimated that 302 of 469 (64.4%) red foxes were seropositive for canine adenovirus (CAV) by ELISA. CAV-2 was not detected by PCR in any red foxes examined. Additional sequence data were obtained from CAV-1 positive samples, revealing regional variations in CAV-1 sequences. It is concluded that CAV-1 is endemic in free-ranging red foxes in the UK and that many foxes have inapparent infections in a range of tissues.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Serological and molecular epidemiology of canine adenovirus type 1 in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the United Kingdom

Walker

Fee

Hartley

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This virus was first detected in dogs in a Canadian shelter in 1961 that had symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection (DITCHFIELD et al, 1962). In subsequent years, the presence of CAV-2 was reported in many countries such as Italy, Brazil, and India (BALBONI et al, 2013;PARTHIBAN et al, 2009;SILVA et al, 2014) and was also detected in Turkey, based on serological data alone (BULUT et al, 2013;CAN SAHNA and ASLAN, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Detection and molecular characterization of canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) in dogs with respiratory tract symptoms in shelters in Turkey

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Canine adenoviruses are agents responsible for two different infections in Canidae. While canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) causes contagious hepatitis (HCC) in dogs, canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) is responsible for infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT). CAV-2, especially in the respiratory tract, leads to an infection that can result in death in young and cohabitant animals. In public housing such as shelters, in addition to opportunistic infections, a disorder defined as canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) may also occur frequently. In this study, 155 nasal swabs were collected from dogs in two shelters where cases of respiratory system infections were closely monitored. These samples were tested for CAV-2 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers designed for the CAV E3 (Early) gene. Positive amplicons were subjected to DNA sequencing. CAV-2 nucleic acids were present in 2.5% (4/155) of the test samples. The phylogenetic assessment of the amplicon sequences revealed a 97.7%-98.9% similarity in the local viruses. The partial sequence analyses of the E3 gene of CAV-2 showed that Turkish and Chinese strains have differences in 9 amino acids. These differences redounded on phylogenetic analyses, and the virus which was considered as a single group, is now subdivided into two subgroups. One subgroup comprises American-European isolates and the other one consists of Turkish and Chinese isolates, so this subdivision can be classified into at least two subgroups, designated China-Turkey and America-Europe. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has examined the possible role of CAV-2 in respiratory system infections in dogs in Turkey, to provide novel and updated information regarding CAV-2.

show abstract

“…Infectious canine hepatitis is nowadays considered a neglected canine disease and veterinary practitioners rarely take into account CAdV-1 as causative agent of disease. Nevertheless, cases of ICH and of asymptomatic CAdV-1 infections have been documented in recent years in foxes and dogs (Balboni et al, 2013(Balboni et al, , 2014Caudell et al, 2005;Decaro et al, 2007;Headley et al, 2013;Müller et al, 2010;Pratelli et al, 2001;Thompson et al, 2010), confirming that the CAdV-1 continues to circulate and to be pathogenic in dogs. Furthermore, CAdV types are detectable in the same biological matrices (Balboni et al, 2013(Balboni et al, , 2014Decaro et al, 2004;Greene, 2012) and viral coinfection with CAdV-1 and CAdV-2 are detectable with high frequency (Balboni et al, 2013(Balboni et al, , 2014Headley et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Development of a SYBR Green real-time PCR assay with melting curve analysis for simultaneous detection and differentiation of canine adenovirus type 1 and type 2

Balboni¹,

Dondi²,

Prosperi³

et al. 2015

Journal of Virological Methods

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) and canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV-2) cause infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) and infectious tracheobronchitis (ITB) in dogs, respectively. Cases of ICH have been documented in recent years and recent surveys have demonstrated a wide percentage of asymptomatic CAdV-1 infection in the canine population. Since both CAdV types are detectable in the same biological matrices, and viral coinfection with CAdV-1 and CAdV-2 are reported with high frequency, it is urgent to have available a rapid, highly sensitive and specific assay for the diagnosis of CAdV infection and distinction between CAdV-1 and CAdV-2. In order to detect canine adenovirus in biological samples and to rapidly distinguish the two viral types, a SYBR Green real-time PCR assay was optimized to discriminate CAdV-1 and CAdV-2 via a melting curve analysis. The developed assay showed high sensitivity and reproducibility and was highly efficient and specific in discriminating the two CAdV types. This reliable and rapid technique may represent a simple, useful and economic option for simultaneous CAdV types detection, which would be feasible and attractive for all diagnostic laboratories, both for clinical purposes and for epidemiological investigations.

show abstract

Molecular epidemiology of canine adenovirus type 1 and type 2 in free-ranging red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Italy

Cited by 69 publications

References 26 publications

Serological and molecular epidemiology of canine adenovirus type 1 in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the United Kingdom

Serological and molecular epidemiology of canine adenovirus type 1 in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the United Kingdom

Detection and molecular characterization of canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) in dogs with respiratory tract symptoms in shelters in Turkey

Development of a SYBR Green real-time PCR assay with melting curve analysis for simultaneous detection and differentiation of canine adenovirus type 1 and type 2

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About