Molecular epidemiology of Giardia spp. in northern Vietnam: Potential transmission between animals and humans

Iwashita, Hanako; Sugamoto, Tetsuhiro; Takemura, Taichiro; Tokizawa, Asako; Vu, Thi Bich Hau; Nguyen, Tuan Hai; Pham, Tho Duc; Tran, Na Ly; Doan, Hang Thi; Pham, Anh Hong Quynh; Yamashiro, Tetsu

doi:10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00193

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…There is speculation that mixed assemblage infections are being underreported due to the preferential amplification of one assemblage over the other depending on the primer set being used ( Wielinga & Thompson, 2007 ). Moreover, primers used for typing G. intestinalis not only differ in their specificities (see Table 1 ) but have been reported to have variable amplification success rates ( Costache et al., 2020 ; Chourabi et al., 2021 ; Iwashita et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Molecular Tools For Genetic Characterisation Of G ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The controversies surrounding Giardia intestinalis assemblages A and B

Zajaczkowski

Lee

Fletcher-Lartey

et al. 2021

Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases

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Section: Molecular Tools For Genetic Characterisation Of G ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The controversies surrounding Giardia intestinalis assemblages A and B

Zajaczkowski

Lee

Fletcher-Lartey

et al. 2021

Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases

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“…In cases of diarrhea caused by Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp., transmission between animals and humans was suspected due to environmental contamination with both animal and human feces in the same setting [ 18 , 56 ]. Fortunately, this transmission did not increase the risk of diarrhea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Vietnam, there have been a variety of reports of transmission pathways at the local level that can lead to the transmission of diarrhea [ 17 ]. For example, in rural Vietnam, proximity to livestock, which is vital for households’ subsistence, may provide an opportunity for the transmission of diarrheal pathogens from livestock to humans [ 17 , 18 ]. The risks of diarrhea are not limited to contact with animal feces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors Associated with Diarrheal Episodes in an Agricultural Community in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam: A Prospective Cohort Study

Iwashita

Tokizawa

Thiểm

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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In Vietnam, data on the risk factors for diarrhea at the community level remain sparse. This study aimed to provide an overview of diarrheal diseases in an agricultural community in Vietnam, targeting all age groups. Specifically, we investigated the incidence of diarrheal disease at the community level and described the potential risk factors associated with diarrheal diseases. In this prospective cohort study, a total of 1508 residents were enrolled during the 54-week study period in northern Vietnam. The observed diarrheal incidence per person-year was 0.51 episodes. For children aged <5 years, the incidence per person-year was 0.81 episodes. Unexpectedly, the frequency of diarrhea was significantly higher among participants who used tap water for drinking than among participants who used rainwater. Participants who used a flush toilet had less frequent diarrhea than those who used a pit latrine. The potential risk factors for diarrhea included the source of water used in daily life, drinking water, and type of toilet. However, the direct reason for the association between potential risk factors and diarrhea was not clear. The infection routes of diarrheal pathogens in the environment remain to be investigated at this study site.

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“…Epidemiological and molecular studies have classified G. duodenalis parasites into eight distinct and genetically-different parasites or “assemblages” (A-H) of which only assemblages A and B are typically identified in both humans and in other mammalian hosts, whereas assemblage E, for example, is predominantly identified in the livestock ( 6 , 7 ). In recent years, however, assemblage E has also been identified to infect humans in Brazil ( 8 , 9 ), Egypt ( 10 ), Australia ( 11 ), Vietnam ( 12 ) and New Zealand ( 13 ). This further indicates the potential for more widespread anthropozoonotic importance of G. duodenalis parasites and the roles played by numerous mammalian species in the maintenance of the parasite’s life cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal Defense Against Giardia at the Intestinal Epithelial Cell Interface

Solaymani-Mohammadi

2022

Front. Immunol.

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Human giardiasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (syn. Giardia lamblia, Giardia intestinalis, Lamblia intestinalis), is one of the most commonly-identified parasitic diseases worldwide. Chronic G. duodenalis infections cause a malabsorption syndrome that may lead to failure to thrive and/or stunted growth, especially in children in developing countries. Understanding the parasite/epithelial cell crosstalk at the mucosal surfaces of the small intestine during human giardiasis may provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the parasite-induced immunopathology and epithelial tissue damage, leading to malnutrition. Efforts to identify new targets for intervening in the development of intestinal immunopathology and the progression to malnutrition are critical. Translating these findings into a clinical setting will require analysis of these pathways in cells and tissues from humans and clinical trials could be devised to determine whether interfering with unwanted mucosal immune responses developed during human giardiasis provide better therapeutic benefits and clinical outcomes for G. duodenalis infections in humans.

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Molecular epidemiology of Giardia spp. in northern Vietnam: Potential transmission between animals and humans

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

The controversies surrounding Giardia intestinalis assemblages A and B

The controversies surrounding Giardia intestinalis assemblages A and B

Risk Factors Associated with Diarrheal Episodes in an Agricultural Community in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam: A Prospective Cohort Study

Mucosal Defense Against Giardia at the Intestinal Epithelial Cell Interface

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