Molecular Epidemiology of HIV Type 1 Infection in Iran: Genomic Evidence of CRF35_AD Predominance and CRF01_AE Infection Among Individuals Associated with Injection Drug Use

Jahanbakhsh, Fatemeh; Ibe, Shiro; Hattori, Junko; Monavari, Seyed Hamid Reza; Matsuda, Masakazu; Maejima, Masami; Iwatani, Yoshinori; Memarnejadian, Arash; Keyvani, Hossein; Azadmanesh, Kayhan; Sugiura, Wataru

doi:10.1089/aid.2012.0186

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…[21,22]. The phylogenetic tree represented highest similarly between our RT sequence and CRF-AD35 and this study correlated with other study was done in Iran [23] exempt subtype C that this sample belonged east of Iran(Mashhad). Subtype C is prevalence in India [24] and historical of patient represented that he had traveled to India.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Survey of Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Pattern Among HIV-Infected Patients with Treatment Failure in Iran

Gholami¹

2015

JHVRV

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Antiretroviral Therapy is classified in six classes and acquired great achievements in HIV inhibition, but this advantage can be affected by developing drug resistance. The combinations of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs have been proven as effectiveness key to control the progression of AIDS; however, these benefits may be compromised by drug resistancy. Thus, drug-resistance testing has become an important tool to the management of HIV-infected patients. Viral RNA was extracted from the plasma by using the QIAamp→ Viral RNA kit (Qiagen, Germany) according to the manufacturer's protocol. RT-PCR performed with the one-step PCR kit (Qiagen, Germany) and Nested PCR.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Survey of Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Pattern Among HIV-Infected Patients with Treatment Failure in Iran

Gholami¹

2015

JHVRV

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“…In Iran, CRF35-AD has an epidemiological connection with CRF35-AD. Discovered in Afghanistan, this connection is thought to be due to drug trafficking and immigration [29]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Drug Resistance and Phylogeny Profile in Naïve and Antiretroviral-Experienced Patients in Tehran, Iran

Farrokhi

Moallemi²,

Baesi³

et al. 2016

Intervirology

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Background: Increasing the accessibility of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has caused the emergence of drug resistance in patients receiving ART and in naïve patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate HIV subtype and drug resistance between naïve patients and ART-experienced patients. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 78 antiretroviral and naïve HIV-1 patients; antiretroviral-resistant mutations and subtyping were then determined by sequencing pol regions. Results: Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 96.1% of sequences belong to the CRF35-AD subtype. Transmitted drug resistance was determined in 14% of drug-naïve patients and 40% of ART-experienced patients. Conclusion: The findings of this study illustrated the importance of resistance testing before and during ART treatment. This study can be used to set up a best medicine strategy in Iranian guidelines.

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“…In glycosylation processes, an oligosaccharide chain binds to asparagine (N) occurring in the tri-peptide sequence N-X-S or N-X-T, where X can be any amino acid except Pro (24). Accession numbers of the used sequences were BAM37429, BAM37384, BAM37456 and BAM37411, named A, B, C and D, respectively (6). Of course, we randomly selected these four sequences.…”

Section: Prediction Of N-linked Glycosylation Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measures adopted over the years resulted in slowed progression of the epidemic amongst IDUs, but the role of sexual transmission in the spread of HIV in Iran is alarmingly growing (3)(4)(5). Therefore, the HIV epidemic in Iran is in the concentrated phase (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoinformatics Study of gp120 of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype CRF35_AD Isolated from Iranian Patients

Keyvani

Ahmadi

Ranjbar

et al. 2016

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 infection is one of the most important infectious diseases in Iran, and common isolates belong to the new CRF35_AD subtypes. The Gp120 protein, which is located on the surface of the HIV envelope, plays a role in entrance into host cells and immune responses. As there isn't any clear analysis of the envelope protein of Iranian isolates regarding potential variations, structural and immunological properties, in the current study we attempted to research in this area. Objectives: The present study was designed to demonstrate the immunoinformatics of gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 subtype CRF35_AD, isolated from Iranian patients. Methods: In this analytical perspective bioinformatics study, the steps were as follows; data collection and sequence classification (303 sequences), finding the mutational/conserved regions, evaluation of N-linked glycosylation sites, prediction of tertiary structures, model validation, and prediction of conformational and linear B-cell epitopes. Results: High degrees of sequence variation in the CRF35_AD subtype and also more than 10 variation sites in gp120 protein segments were identified. The total N-linked glycosylation sites for selected complete env sequences in NX [ST] pattern and the NXS and NXT combination count revealed that most of the glycosylation sites were conserved. Tertiary structure was obtained by homology modeling, and the Ramachandran plot assessment showed model validity. Finally, mapped consensus discontinuous immunogenic regions (epitopes) were AA25-65, AA337-365 and AA443-505. Conclusions:The obtained results provide a background for understanding CRF35_AD molecular characteristics, as well as design and development of effective HIV-1 vaccines and immunotherapeutic regimens against CRF35_AD subtype.

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Molecular Epidemiology of HIV Type 1 Infection in Iran: Genomic Evidence of CRF35_AD Predominance and CRF01_AE Infection Among Individuals Associated with Injection Drug Use

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Survey of Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Pattern Among HIV-Infected Patients with Treatment Failure in Iran

Survey of Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Pattern Among HIV-Infected Patients with Treatment Failure in Iran

HIV Drug Resistance and Phylogeny Profile in Naïve and Antiretroviral-Experienced Patients in Tehran, Iran

Immunoinformatics Study of gp120 of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype CRF35_AD Isolated from Iranian Patients

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